This helps with text getting cut off in some places.
Switched to oneside so the margins are the same on all pages.
The "twopaged-ness" is done in pdfbook2 instead.
\epigraph{Without revolutionary theory there can be no revolutionary movement…the role of vanguard fighter can be fulfilled only by a party that is guided by the most advanced theory.}{V.I. Lenin, \emph{What is to be done}.}
%UNION OF THE OPPRESSED PEOPLE
%SEAL OF THE MINISTRY OF PROPAGANDA
Published by The Association of Oppressed Ethnic Groups in Asia
\clearpage
\section{THE CHARACTER OF A REVOLUTIONARY}
\section{The character of a revolutionary}
To yourself
\begin{itemize}
\setlength\itemsep{-0.5em}
\item Diligent while still economical
\item Amiable without selfishness
\item Self critical
@ -28,7 +18,6 @@ To yourself
To your comrades
\begin{itemize}
\setlength\itemsep{-0.5em}
\item To individual one must be forgiveful
\item To organization one must be strict
\item Willing to educate
@ -38,26 +27,22 @@ To your comrades
To your work
\begin{itemize}
\setlength\itemsep{-0.5em}
\item Careful examination of every situation
\item Decisive
\item Brave
\item Loyal to the organization
\end{itemize}
\section{THE PURPOSE OF THIS PAMPHLET}
1. Whatever you do, big or small, of any difficulty, if you don't work hard, you won't succeed. There is a Chinese proverb that says, \enquote{A lion catches a rabbit with all its might}. For the strength of a lion, even if it’s not hard to catch rabbits, you still have to use all your strength, let alone do such a great job as freeing the shackles of slavery for your fellow citizens, for humanity, if you don't try your best, how can you?
2. Many people would find the task so difficult that they get discouraged, not understanding that \enquote{with the flow of water even rocks wear away} and \enquote{with patience and grit, a hunk of iron can become a needle}. No matter how difficult the task, with determination it can be done. If few people can't do it, together many people can. If you can’t do it in a lifetime, it must be done in the next.
3. For us to be united and persistent in a mission, everyone must first understand why it has to be done, why you can’t not do it, why everyone has to lend a hand, why you have to do it right away rather than wait for each other. With this we’re united in purpose; with the same purpose we’re united in will; with strong will we’re united in hearts, combined knowing how any task can quickly be done.
4. The theory and history of revolution are written in thousands of works. The French were afraid of this, so they forbade us to study, and forbade us to watch, so our compatriots were still vague about the word revolution. Some had proposed a little, but did it in a very confused way, inciting people to riot without showing how to organize; or make people get used to dependency, and forget about self-reliance.
\section{The purpose of this pamphlet}
5. The purpose of this book is to tell our compatriots clearly: (1) Why must we be revolutionary if we want to live? (2) Why is the revolution a matter of everyone, not a matter of one or two individuals? (3) Bringing the revolutionary history of other countries as an example to learn from. (4) Bringing the world movement to the eyes of our compatriots. (5) To know who is our friend? Who is our enemy? (6) What is to be done in a revolution?
6. This pamphlet needed to be brief, easy to understand, easy to remember. Surely some people will criticize its literary value. Yes! Its purpose is to be as simple and to the point as possible, as sure as 2 times 2 is 4, no embellishments.
\begin{enum}{1.}
\item Whatever you do, big or small, of any difficulty, if you don't work hard, you won't succeed. There is a Chinese proverb that says, \enquote{A lion catches a rabbit with all its might}. For the strength of a lion, even if it’s not hard to catch rabbits, you still have to use all your strength, let alone do such a great job as freeing the shackles of slavery for your fellow citizens, for humanity, if you don't try your best, how can you?
\item Many people would find the task so difficult that they get discouraged, not understanding that \enquote{with the flow of water even rocks wear away} and \enquote{with patience and grit, a hunk of iron can become a needle}. No matter how difficult the task, with determination it can be done. If few people can't do it, together many people can. If you can’t do it in a lifetime, it must be done in the next.
\item For us to be united and persistent in a mission, everyone must first understand why it has to be done, why you can’t not do it, why everyone has to lend a hand, why you have to do it right away rather than wait for each other. With this we’re united in purpose; with the same purpose we’re united in will; with strong will we’re united in hearts, combined knowing how any task can quickly be done.
\item The theory and history of revolution are written in thousands of works. The French were afraid of this, so they forbade us to study, and forbade us to watch, so our compatriots were still vague about the word revolution. Some had proposed a little, but did it in a very confused way, inciting people to riot without showing how to organize; or make people get used to dependency, and forget about self-reliance.
\item The purpose of this book is to tell our compatriots clearly: (1) Why must we be revolutionary if we want to live? (2) Why is the revolution a matter of everyone, not a matter of one or two individuals? (3) Bringing the revolutionary history of other countries as an example to learn from. (4) Bringing the world movement to the eyes of our compatriots. (5) To know who is our friend? Who is our enemy? (6) What is to be done in a revolution?
\item This pamphlet needed to be brief, easy to understand, easy to remember. Surely some people will criticize its literary value. Yes! Its purpose is to be as simple and to the point as possible, as sure as 2 times 2 is 4, no embellishments.
\end{enum}
For more than sixty years, we have been under the jackboot of French imperialism; more than twenty million dying compatriots are still at death’s door. You have to speak up loudly and act quickly to save the people, there’s no time to waste on refining every words!
@ -65,7 +50,7 @@ Hopefully this pamphlet will be read by compatriots, for the people that read it
Every word and desire of this pamplet lies in only one word: Revolution! Revolution!! Revolution!!!
\section{REVOLUTION}
\section{Revolution}
\subsection{What is revolution?}
@ -81,11 +66,11 @@ Mr. Marx was a revolutionary economist. He had clearly studied and pointed out w
That is revolutionary thought, revolutionary people and from there are the 3 revolutions of our time:
A- Capitalist Revolution.
B- National Revolution.
C- Proletarian Revolution.
\begin{enum}{A-}
\item Capitalist Revolution.
\item National Revolution.
\item Proletarian Revolution.
\end{enum}
Capitalist Revolution like the French Revolution in 1789. American Revolution in 1776 (evicted Britain), Japanese Revolution in 1864\footnote{The Meiji restoration}.
@ -95,10 +80,11 @@ The revolutionary class like the Russian workers and peasants defeated the force
\subsection{The origins of capitalist revolutions}
A. Capital in the city is new capital, it owns factories and makes goods. If you have factories, you want more workers to work in them to operate machineries. If you create products, you want more people to buy them. If you want more people to buy and sell, you need convenient transportation.
\begin{enum}{A.}
\item Capital in the city is new capital, it owns factories and makes goods. If you have factories, you want more workers to work in them to operate machineries. If you create products, you want more people to buy them. If you want more people to buy and sell, you need convenient transportation.
% FIXME: I am unsure of the paragraphing here since there is only four periods in the original text but five here
B. The capital in the countryside is the landlord, they want to keep the feudal system, and their sovereignty of farmlands; power is in the hands of the nobility there; they treat the people like cattle and livestock, refusing the peasants from moving to plow the field for them. To the merchants, how much tax they will collect is completely of their whims with no measure or restraints, money for each regions is just as restrictive, for travel the merchants have to ask them for permission, it creates many obstacles for new business.
\item The capital in the countryside is the landlord, they want to keep the feudal system, and their sovereignty of farmlands; power is in the hands of the nobility there; they treat the people like cattle and livestock, refusing the peasants from moving to plow the field for them. To the merchants, how much tax they will collect is completely of their whims with no measure or restraints, money for each regions is just as restrictive, for travel the merchants have to ask them for permission, it creates many obstacles for new business.
\end{enum}
Landlords tried their best to block new capital, and new capitalists tried their best to overcome landlords, and the two sides clashed causing capitalist revolutions.
@ -116,9 +102,10 @@ In short, these powerful nations enslaved other peoples, like France with Annam.
In the world now there are 2 classes:
A. Capitalists (not working but benefiting).
B. Workers and peasants (working hard but not benefiting).
\begin{enum}{A.}
\item Capitalists (not working but benefiting).
\item Workers and peasants (working hard but not benefiting).
\end{enum}
For instance an An Nam worker, working at Hon Gay coal mine, working 11 hours a day, every day til the end of the year, only getting 3 dimes a day, not eating enough to live, wearing little to no clothes, having no medicine to treat his diseases, dying without even a coffin.
@ -132,9 +119,10 @@ Our country is like that, so are other countries. Workers and peasants could not
Revolution is divided into two parts:
A. Just as Annam fight the French, India fight Britain, Goryeo\footnote{Now Korea} fight Japan, the Philippines fight America, and China chased away the imperialists to win the freedom and equality of their own people, those are all nationalist revolutions.
B. All peasants and workers in the world, of any country, any race, unite together in brotherhood, to destroy all capital in the world, making any country, any people can achieve happiness, making the world truly equal - that is the world revolution.
\begin{enum}{A.}
\item Just as Annam fight the French, India fight Britain, Goryeo\footnote{Now Korea} fight Japan, the Philippines fight America, and China chased away the imperialists to win the freedom and equality of their own people, those are all nationalist revolutions.
\item All peasants and workers in the world, of any country, any race, unite together in brotherhood, to destroy all capital in the world, making any country, any people can achieve happiness, making the world truly equal - that is the world revolution.
\end{enum}
Although the two revolutions are different, because the natioanlist revolution were not divided into classes, but all scholars, farmers, and merchants all agreed to oppose the imperial powers. In the world revolution, the proletariat will be the leading vanguard class. But those 2 Revolutions are still intrinsically related to each other. For example: if Annam is successful in the Revolution, then it weakens the French capitalists. And when the French capitalist is weakened, the French workers and peasants can easily become the Revolutionary class. And if the French Revolution workers and peasants succeed, the Annamite people will be free.
@ -144,33 +132,35 @@ Therefore, the Annam Revolution and the French Revolution had to communicate wit
From oppression, revolution are born, so the more oppressed the person, the stronger the revolutionary will. Before capital was oppressed by feudalism, it was revolutionary. Now capital is oppressing the workers and peasants, so the workers and peasants are the masters of the revolution\footnote{That is, workers and farmers are the core force, the main vanguard of the revolution.}.
1. Because workers and peasants were more severely oppressed,
2. It is because workers and peasants are the most numerous, therefore the most powerful,
3. It's because the workers and peasants own nothing, if they lose, they only lose a miserable life, if they win, they gain the whole world, from this they gain their bravery. For these reasons, workers and peasants are the root of the revolution; and students, small traders, small landowners were also oppressed by capital, yet not as miserable as workers and peasants; those 3 classes are just revolutionary companions of workers and peasants.
\begin{enum}{1.}
\item Because workers and peasants were more severely oppressed,
\item It is because workers and peasants are the most numerous, therefore the most powerful,
\item It's because the workers and peasants own nothing, if they lose, they only lose a miserable life, if they win, they gain the whole world, from this they gain their bravery. For these reasons, workers and peasants are the root of the revolution; and students, small traders, small landowners were also oppressed by capital, yet not as miserable as workers and peasants; those 3 classes are just revolutionary companions of workers and peasants.
\end{enum}
\subsection{Is staging a revolution difficult?}
It is very difficult to change an old society which is thousands of years old and to build a new one. But by knowing how to do it, knowing how to work together for that goal, then you can definitely do it, then it's not difficult. It's only difficult because of yourself, if you’re determined to do it, it can be done. But if you want to make a revolution, you need to know:
A- The capitalists and imperialists use religious and cultural dogmas to make the people ignorant, tie the people down by law, use force to frighten the people, and make them greedy with material wealth. With these mehthods they make people shiver when they hear the word \enquote{revolution}.
\begin{enum}{A-}
\item The capitalists and imperialists use religious and cultural dogmas to make the people ignorant, tie the people down by law, use force to frighten the people, and make them greedy with material wealth. With these mehthods they make people shiver when they hear the word \enquote{revolution}.
Therefore, the revolution must first enlighten the people.
B- People suffer too much so riots are frequent, such as the An Nam people who resisted taxes, the poison plot of Ha Noi, and Cochinchinese destroying French outposts; because they had no ideology, no plan, failure is continuous.
\item People suffer too much so riots are frequent, such as the An Nam people who resisted taxes, the poison plot of Ha Noi, and Cochinchinese destroying French outposts; because they had no ideology, no plan, failure is continuous.
So a revolution had to explain theory and ideology\footnote{Meaning explaining revolutionary theory and Marxism-Leninism} to the people.
C- Because the people do not understand the situation in the world, do not know how to compare, lacking strategies, so they rebeled when they should not do it, or didn’t rebel when the time was right\footnote{That is, not knowing how to seize the revolutionary opportunity}.
\item Because the people do not understand the situation in the world, do not know how to compare, lacking strategies, so they rebeled when they should not do it, or didn’t rebel when the time was right\footnote{That is, not knowing how to seize the revolutionary opportunity}.
Revolutionaries must understand the world's tides, and must present these strategies to the people.
D- The common people are divided\footnote{The common people are divided (due to the colonialists' plot to divide
\item The common people are divided\footnote{The common people are divided (due to the colonialists' plot to divide
And conquer)
} from one faction to another, like our people, the South is suspicious of the Midlands, and the Midlands despise the North, leading to our strength being weakened, like separated chopsticks.
Therefore, the revolutionary power must be concentrated, and in order to concentrate, there must be a revolutionary vanguard party.
\end{enum}
\subsection{What is needed first in a revolution?}
@ -10,11 +10,11 @@ Since Colombus discovered the Americas, people from European countries have floo
The Americas are very rich with resources, copper, iron, coal, cotton, wheat, cattle, etc… everything is abundant. The British were greedy and wanted to collect all of it for themselves, so they set up 3 policies as follows:
1. All natural resources, America must supply to the British, cannot be sold to other countries.
2. Americans are not allowed to set up factories and trade associations.
3. Countries are not allowed to trade with America, only the British can trade.
\begin{enum}{1.}
\item All natural resources, America must supply to the British, cannot be sold to other countries.
\item Americans are not allowed to set up factories and trade associations.
\item Countries are not allowed to trade with America, only the British can trade.
\end{enum}
Because of these 3 policies, plus heavy taxes, making the American economy very miserable. Therefore in the 1770, the American people were agitated and a movement "boycotting" against Britain.
@ -40,7 +40,7 @@ That's because the American revolution is the capitalist revolution, but the cap
If we must sacrifice for the revolution, we should do it until the end, that is, after the revolution, the power should be given to the masses, not in the hands of a few. Only then will the people be happy without sacrificing many times.
\section{THE FRENCH REVOLUTION}
\section{The French Revolution}
\subsection{Why did France have a revolutionary movement? }
@ -60,15 +60,14 @@ When the king saw that the people were upset, he persecuted the propagandists an
On October 5 of that year, the workers and women of Paris, went to Versailles to arrest the king for his crimes, and signed the declaration:
1. To abolish feudalism and liberate the serfs.
2. To nationalize properties of religious institutions.
\begin{enum}{1.}
\item To abolish feudalism and liberate the serfs.
\item To nationalize properties of religious institutions.
\item To free people to make newspapers, organize, and so on.
\item To form a constitution, in which the king cannot be autocratic.
\end{enum}
3. To free people to make newspapers, organize, and so on.
4. To form a constitution, in which the king cannot be autocratic.
In 1792, because the king sought help from foreigners and communicated with the counter-revolutionaries, the people deposed the king and founded a republic.
In 1792, because the king sought help from foreigners and communicated with the counter\-/revolutionaries, the people deposed the king and founded a republic.
On January 21, 1973, the king and his wife were convicted of treason, and then executed.
@ -82,7 +81,7 @@ Then know: one revolutionary having guts is more than a thousand people with no
\subsection{How many revolutions did the French have?}
From 1792 to 1804 it was the 1st Republic. In 1804 counter-revolutionary Napoleon crowned himself emperor.
From 1792 to 1804 it was the 1st Republic. In 1804 counter\-/revolutionary Napoleon crowned himself emperor.
In 1814, the countries defeated Napoleon and brought the old king line to the throne until 1848.
@ -102,15 +101,13 @@ Because the workers were immature, poorly organized, and Germany helped the Fren
As soon as Paris was liberated, the Commune set up a People's Government and announced that the Commune would practice the following:
1. How many private enterprises are taken over as public property.
2. All children in the country, whether boys or girls, must go to school. Tuition fees must be given by the state.
3. People have the right to freely organize, make newspapers, open associations, go abroad, etc.
4. Any man or woman, anyone has the right to political, to vote and to stand for election.
5. The government is elected by the people, and the people have the right to change the government.
\begin{enum}{1.}
\item How many private enterprises are taken over as public property.
\item All children in the country, whether boys or girls, must go to school. Tuition fees must be given by the state.
\item People have the right to freely organize, make newspapers, open associations, go abroad, etc.
\item Any man or woman, anyone has the right to political, to vote and to stand for election.
\item The government is elected by the people, and the people have the right to change the government.
\end{enum}
\subsection{What was the outcome of the Commune?}
@ -122,29 +119,26 @@ Once the revolution is over, capital took revenge on the people by terror. It ki
\subsection{What does the French revolution mean to the Annam revolution?}
a) In the three revolutions, 1789, 1848, 1870, all because the people had a lot of courage, but few intellectuals, so they got taken advantage of by the capitalists.
b) The Paris Commune failed because of its poor organization and lack of contact with the peasants.
c) Capitalism uses the words Liberté, égalité, fraternité to deceive the people and incite the people to overthrow feudalism. After the people overthrew feudalism, it replaced feudalism as the oppressor.
d) The French Revolution was like the American Revolution, that is to say, the revolution of capitalism, the revolution where the final goal had not been reached. They called themselves a republic and a democracy, but in fact, it exploits the workers and peasants inside and oppresses the colonies outside. The revolution has already occurred 4 times, but now French workers and peasants still have to plan the revolution again to escape the cycle of oppression. The revolution of Annam should remember these things.
\begin{enum}{a)}
\item In the three revolutions, 1789, 1848, 1870, all because the people had a lot of courage, but few intellectuals, so they got taken advantage of by the capitalists.
\item The Paris Commune failed because of its poor organization and lack of contact with the peasants.
\item Capitalism uses the words Liberté, égalité, fraternité to deceive the people and incite the people to overthrow feudalism. After the people overthrew feudalism, it replaced feudalism as the oppressor.
\item The French Revolution was like the American Revolution, that is to say, the revolution of capitalism, the revolution where the final goal had not been reached. They called themselves a republic and a democracy, but in fact, it exploits the workers and peasants inside and oppresses the colonies outside. The revolution has already occurred 4 times, but now French workers and peasants still have to plan the revolution again to escape the cycle of oppression. The revolution of Annam should remember these things.
\end{enum}
\subsection{What did the French Revolution set an example for?}
The French Revolution taught us:
1. The workers and peasants are the root of the revolution, capital only support it at first, when it can no longer take advantage of the people, it is counter-revolutionary.
\begin{enum}{A.}
\item The workers and peasants are the root of the revolution, capital only support it at first, when it can no longer take advantage of the people, it is counter\-/revolutionary.
\item Revolution requires a very stable organization to succeed.
\item Women and children also took a large part of the revolution.
\item With a strong civilian population, any soldier or gun will not be able to supress.
\item The French Revolution sacrificed many people without fear. If we want to stage a Revolution, we shouldn't be afraid to make sacrifices.
\end{enum}
2. Revolution requires a very stable organization to succeed.
3. Women and children also took a large part of the revolution.
4. With a strong civilian population, any soldier or gun will not be able to supress.
5. The French Revolution sacrificed many people without fear. If we want to stage a Revolution, we shouldn't be afraid to make sacrifices.
\section{HISTORY OF RUSSIA REVOLUTION}
\section{History of the Russian revolution}
\subsection{Where did the Russian Revolution come from?}
@ -190,11 +184,11 @@ In 1904 - 1905, Russia and Japan fought, taking advantage of the turmoil, the Pa
\subsection{How do you know that people are agitated for campaigning?}
a) Before fighting the Japanese, the Tsar tricked the capitalists into printing money, luring them with a prosperous economy if they won, and capital would gain great benefits. After the defeat, the capital lost a lot of money but gained nothing, so they resented the king.
b) The workers who already hated the Tsar, with the defeat, they were more oppressed, further cementing the resentment.
c) The peasants had hated the king since the begining, then they were consripted to the army to die, and with the heavier taxes, and their habhorrance for the Tsar was made worse.
\begin{enum}{a)}
\item Before fighting the Japanese, the Tsar tricked the capitalists into printing money, luring them with a prosperous economy if they won, and capital would gain great benefits. After the defeat, the capital lost a lot of money but gained nothing, so they resented the king.
\item The workers who already hated the Tsar, with the defeat, they were more oppressed, further cementing the resentment.
\item The peasants had hated the king since the begining, then they were consripted to the army to die, and with the heavier taxes, and their habhorrance for the Tsar was made worse.
\end{enum}
These three classes had different goals, but the hatred for the Tsar is the same. The Party knew that, then mobilized the revolution to oust the Tsar.
@ -208,13 +202,12 @@ The revolution fought against the Tsar and the government from January to Octobe
\subsection{Why did the 1905 revolution failed?}
1. Because at first, the capitalists wanted to take advantage of workers to overthrow the Tsar; But when they saw that the workers were so enthusiastic, that they became afraid to see workers overthrown them and the Tsar, so the capitalists betrayed the workers and helped the Tsar.
2. Because workers and peasants did not agree with one another. When the workers emerged, the peasants did not immediately follow. The workers lost. Only by then the peasants emerged, giving the Tsar the chance to suppress both, one after the other.
3. The workers weren’t very experienced, and the organization wasn’t complete.
4. The soldiers have not been mobilized and the people's guns and weapons were too few.
\begin{enum}{1.}
\item Because at first, the capitalists wanted to take advantage of workers to overthrow the Tsar; But when they saw that the workers were so enthusiastic, that they became afraid to see workers overthrown them and the Tsar, so the capitalists betrayed the workers and helped the Tsar.
\item Because workers and peasants did not agree with one another. When the workers emerged, the peasants did not immediately follow. The workers lost. Only by then the peasants emerged, giving the Tsar the chance to suppress both, one after the other.
\item The workers weren’t very experienced, and the organization wasn’t complete.
\item The soldiers have not been mobilized and the people's guns and weapons were too few.
\end{enum}
\subsection{The 1905 Revolution failed, were the workers and the Party discouraged?}
@ -229,13 +222,12 @@ The failed 1905 Revolution laid the foundation for the successful 1917 Revolutio
The Revolution of 1917 had the following reasonings:
1. During the European war, the British and French imperialists took advantage of the Russian Tsar to fight Germany. But the Russian Tsar was messy, spent a lot of money, killed a lot of soldiers, sure to be defeated by Germany. These imperialists were angered by this and helped capital to oust the Tsar.
2. Capitalists were outrage due to the Tsar only favoring the aristocrats by giving them military power, yet the aristocrats were incompetent, losing wherever they fought. And capital in Russia was mostly in league with English and French capital; if Russia lost to Germany, then not only Russian capital, but English and French capital were also in danger; and if they kept the Tsar, they would certainly face defeat. That’s why the capitalists also wanted to depose the Tsar.
3. Workers and peasants already treated the Tsar as if they were enemies.
4. The Trudoviks took advantage of that opportunity, they made use of these two groups to expel the Tsar for the Russian capitalists and the British and French imperialists. In turn, capitalists and imperialists supported these Trudoviks.
\begin{enum}{1.}
\item During the European war, the British and French imperialists took advantage of the Russian Tsar to fight Germany. But the Russian Tsar was messy, spent a lot of money, killed a lot of soldiers, sure to be defeated by Germany. These imperialists were angered by this and helped capital to oust the Tsar.
\item Capitalists were outrage due to the Tsar only favoring the aristocrats by giving them military power, yet the aristocrats were incompetent, losing wherever they fought. And capital in Russia was mostly in league with English and French capital; if Russia lost to Germany, then not only Russian capital, but English and French capital were also in danger; and if they kept the Tsar, they would certainly face defeat. That’s why the capitalists also wanted to depose the Tsar.
\item Workers and peasants already treated the Tsar as if they were enemies.
\item The Trudoviks took advantage of that opportunity, they made use of these two groups to expel the Tsar for the Russian capitalists and the British and French imperialists. In turn, capitalists and imperialists supported these Trudoviks.
\end{enum}
\subsection{How had the Trudoviks control the government?}
@ -249,7 +241,7 @@ When the revolution kicked out the king, the Communist Party was still the vangu
The revolution ended in February. From February to April, many people still thought that the new provisional government had not yet implemented the policiess that benefit the people, because there was no time for them to do so.
In April, Mr. Lenin and many comrades from abroad returned. From April to November, the new provisional government had further revealed its anti-revolutionary nature on a day by day basis. As for the communist party members, they went to propagate to the people, saying: "There, you see! The first revolution are the masters and servants of capitalism and imperialism, they are no better than the Tsar...", making Everyone resented the provisional government, while part of them were involved in the peasantry, workers, soldiers, and secret organizations to practice revolutionary communism.
In April, Mr. Lenin and many comrades from abroad returned. From April to November, the new provisional government had further revealed its anti\-/revolutionary nature on a day by day basis. As for the communist party members, they went to propagate to the people, saying: "There, you see! The first revolution are the masters and servants of capitalism and imperialism, they are no better than the Tsar...", making Everyone resented the provisional government, while part of them were involved in the peasantry, workers, soldiers, and secret organizations to practice revolutionary communism.
\subsection{When did the communist revolution succeed?}
@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ If you want to know what the Third International is, you must first know the Fir
From the 18th century onwards, capital was very prosperous, oppressing workers very harshly. When workers are oppressed, in their rebellious character was to oppose such injustices, through organizing trade unions and staging violent strikes. But most provincial workers only knowing their own, and every national workers only knew of their own country, because of this their overall strength was not very significant.
In 1840, German workers founded an association called The League of The Just. The slogan of that association is "All men are brothers". That slogan, though very good, is not true; Since the imperialists and counter-revolutionary capitalists are enemies of the people, how can they be called brothers?
In 1840, German workers founded an association called The League of The Just. The slogan of that association is "All men are brothers". That slogan, though very good, is not true; Since the imperialists and counter\-/revolutionary capitalists are enemies of the people, how can they be called brothers?
In 1847, the association was revised into the: "Communist League" - Mr. Marx and Engels joined that association. Thanks to the two men to correct the program, and the association's slogans to: overthrow of the bourgeoisie - establishment of the rule of the proletariat - the construction of a communist world.
@ -26,19 +26,19 @@ In 1864, (February 28) they established as the First International.
Even though there were many leaders of workers from all over the country, this association, but because:
1. People were few,
2. The unions in the countries were still weak,
3. No consensus had been reached, so it only propagated communism but has not done any significant actions.
\begin{enum}{1.}
\item People were few,
\item The unions in the countries were still weak,
\item No consensus had been reached, so it only propagated communism but has not done any significant actions.
\end{enum}
The disagreement was due to the three opposing ideologies:
1. Proudhonism (France);
2. Bakuninism (Russia);
3. Marxism (Germany) (see the section on revolutionary ideology).
\begin{enum}{1.}
\item Proudhonism (France);
\item Bakuninism (Russia);
\item Marxism (Germany) (see the section on revolutionary ideology).
\end{enum}
After the failure of the Paris Commune, many members were killed or arrested, so the association gradually disintegrated, until 1874 it was disbanded.
@ -52,19 +52,15 @@ In 1889, representatives of the labor parties met in Paris to form the Second In
From its inception, to the days of the European War, the congress was held nine times of discussions and decrees:
1. Every country must form a labor party;
2. Every year on May 1, the world's workers go on strike and petition;
3. All workers in the world strive to work only 8 hours a day;
4. Opposition to imperialism;
5. Labor parties must not negotiate with capital;
6. Party members are not allowed to work with capital;
7. If the imperialists have a war, the workers of all countries will go on strike and find a way to take over the government. The 7th issue was discussed in all 9 times the congress was held.
\begin{enum}{1.}
\item Every country must form a labor party;
\item Every year on May 1, the world's workers go on strike and petition;
\item All workers in the world strive to work only 8 hours a day;
\item Opposition to imperialism;
\item Labor parties must not negotiate with capital;
\item Party members are not allowed to work with capital;
\item If the imperialists have a war, the workers of all countries will go on strike and find a way to take over the government. The 7th issue was discussed in all 9 times the congress was held.
\end{enum}
\subsection{Why does the Second International often talk about war?}
@ -88,7 +84,7 @@ The workers saw this and knew that the imperialists of the world would come ahea
\subsection{When was the Third International established?}
Because the activists in the Second International were anti-revolutionary and turned out to be hunting hounds for capitalism and imperialism, it was revealed to be counter-revolutionary; Truly revolutionary people like Mr. Lenin, Mr. Karl Liebknecht, Rosa Luxemburg, etc., consider that International as good as dead and they must establish another International. In 1915 and 1916, the revolutionaries gathered in Switzerland about to establish the Third International, to follow the First International in spirit and stage revolutionary communism.
Because the activists in the Second International were anti\-/revolutionary and turned out to be hunting hounds for capitalism and imperialism, it was revealed to be counter\-/revolutionary; Truly revolutionary people like Mr. Lenin, Mr. Karl Liebknecht, Rosa Luxemburg, etc., consider that International as good as dead and they must establish another International. In 1915 and 1916, the revolutionaries gathered in Switzerland about to establish the Third International, to follow the First International in spirit and stage revolutionary communism.
In 1917, Russia successfully staged their communist revolution.
@ -96,9 +92,10 @@ In 1919, the Third International was established in the Russian capital, Moscow
The Declaration of the Third International clearly states that:
1. By any means, the destruction of capitalism must not be reformist as the Second International;
2. By any means, the power must be in the hands of workers and peasants.
\begin{enum}{1.}
\item By any means, the destruction of capitalism must not be reformist as the Second International;
\item By any means, the power must be in the hands of workers and peasants.
\end{enum}
\subsection{Since its founding (early 1927), how many times has the Third International been held?}
@ -111,25 +108,23 @@ In 1924, the 5th Congress, up to 61 countries attended. Because many people mist
\subsection{How is the Third International organized?}
a) Every year or every few years, the congress is held once. The Congress has the power to judge all the affairs of the parties in the countries.
b) The Congress appoints a 24 - member Central Committe. This association represents the general assembly. Parties in all countries must follow the orders of the Central Committee.
c) There is the Youth Ministry, to see about youth mobilization; Women's ministry, to see the women's advocacy; The Asian - Eastern ministry, to see about the revolution of the colonies in Asia and the East. Propaganda, organization, relief, etc., all have their own ministries.
d) The Third International is a world Communist Party. The parties of all countries are like branches, all must follow the common plans and rules. All the parties cannot do without orders and plans from the Third International.
\begin{enum}{a)}
\item Every year or every few years, the congress is held once. The Congress has the power to judge all the affairs of the parties in the countries.
\item The Congress appoints a 24 - member Central Committe. This association represents the general assembly. Parties in all countries must follow the orders of the Central Committee.
\item There is the Youth Ministry, to see about youth mobilization; Women's ministry, to see the women's advocacy; The Asian - Eastern ministry, to see about the revolution of the colonies in Asia and the East. Propaganda, organization, relief, etc., all have their own ministries.
\item The Third International is a world Communist Party. The parties of all countries are like branches, all must follow the common plans and rules. All the parties cannot do without orders and plans from the Third International.
\end{enum}
\subsection{What are the similarities between the First International and the Third International? What is different?}
The First International is different from the Third International.
a) The First International was small, The Third International was big;
b) The First International only discussed theory, the Third International practiced;
c) The First International was not unified, the Third International commanded all communist parties in all countries to follow;
d) The First International only said: "Working men of all countries, unite!"; The Third International added, "Workers and oppressed peoples of all countries, unite!". The First International did not force its members to help the colonists in fightingf imperialism like the Third International.
\begin{enum}{a)}
\item The First International was small, The Third International was big;
\item The First International only discussed theory, the Third International practiced;
\item The First International was not unified, the Third International commanded all communist parties in all countries to follow;
\item The First International only said: "Working men of all countries, unite!"; The Third International added, "Workers and oppressed peoples of all countries, unite!". The First International did not force its members to help the colonists in fightingf imperialism like the Third International.
\end{enum}
That is because the circumstances of the two Internationals are different. For instance the First International said little on national oppression, because at that time imperialism was not very developed. As well as, the Third International, being born later, has more experience than the First International.
@ -137,7 +132,7 @@ When it comes to revolutionary ideology, making the world egalitarian, the two I
\subsection{What is the difference between the Second International and the Third International?}
The previous Second International was still revolutionary, but because lacking strict disciplines, the organization was not effective, allowing the reformists to interfere too much; later turning them to counter-revolutionary. These two Internationals differ in the following:
The previous Second International was still revolutionary, but because lacking strict disciplines, the organization was not effective, allowing the reformists to interfere too much; later turning them to counter\-/revolutionary. These two Internationals differ in the following:
The Third International advocated the destruction of capital for a world revolution.
\subsection{Why was Communist Women's International founded?}
@ -32,7 +32,7 @@ In short, the rules are very strict, the actions are united, and the work is als
The An Nam revolution must also have the participation of women to succeed, and any Annam woman who wants revolution must follow the guidance of Communist Women's International.
\subsection{RED INTERNATIONAL OF LABOR UNIONS}
\section{Red International of Labor Unions}
\subsection{What is the history of International Worker Labor Unions?}
@ -43,15 +43,13 @@ a) Before the European war, b) During the European war, c) After the European wa
a) Before the European War: There were about 16 million organized workers in Europe and the United States and an association called the "International Secretariat of National Trade Union Centres". But those 16 million people did not join the "International Secretariat of National Trade Union Centres". because the organized workers were divided into many factions:
1. British and American trade unions only care about improving workers’ lives, but no mentioning of overthrowing capital.
2. Anarchist unions of Latin countries, did not want to form political parties.
3. The reformist factions only advocated for trade unions support of the political parties, but it should merge with the political party.
4. Neutralism holds that workers are not the basis of revolutions.
5. Communists, with the policy of overthrowing capital and that workers is the revolutionary foundation, there must be a political party to lead the trade union to do the revolution.
\begin{enum}{1.}
\item British and American trade unions only care about improving workers’ lives, but no mentioning of overthrowing capital.
\item Anarchist unions of Latin countries, did not want to form political parties.
\item The reformist factions only advocated for trade unions support of the political parties, but it should merge with the political party.
\item Neutralism holds that workers are not the basis of revolutions.
\item Communists, with the policy of overthrowing capital and that workers is the revolutionary foundation, there must be a political party to lead the trade union to do the revolution.
\end{enum}
Because of their muddled purpose and inconsistent directions, the Secretariat had no force.
@ -90,19 +88,18 @@ During the European war, those internationals were also dissolved, after the war
\subsection{Why is the Amsterdam International called “yellow”?}
Because that International was established in Amsterdam (capital of Holland). In the new language, counter-revolutiony is called yellow color; and revolutiony is called red.
Because that International was established in Amsterdam (capital of Holland). In the new language, counter\-/revolution is called yellow color; and revolution is called red.
In 1919, the Union representatives of the Secretariat convened in Amsterdam to form this international. At the beginning, the membership was widespead, but after many unions joined "Red" International, now there are only 23 associations left, with 14,400,000 members.
This international followed reformists of the Second International to make peace with capital, and did many counter-revolutionary acts such as:
1. Approving the Treaty of Versailles of the imperialists, forcing Germany to pay 400,000,000 dong in reparations.
2. When Germany could not bear it, the US set up a plan (called the Dawes plan) to make Germany pay 132,000,000,000 dong. The plan made German workers and peasants into essentially slaves. Yet the Amsterdam International also agreed.
3. Barring the Russian labor unions from joining.
This international followed reformists of the Second International to make peace with capital, and did many counter\-/revolutionary acts such as:
4. They vehemently opposed communists, yet they treat the fascists with peace.
\begin{enum}{1.}
\item Approving the Treaty of Versailles of the imperialists, forcing Germany to pay 400,000,000 dong in reparations.
\item When Germany could not bear it, the US set up a plan (called the Dawes plan) to make Germany pay 132,000,000,000 dong. The plan made German workers and peasants into essentially slaves. Yet the Amsterdam International also agreed.
\item Barring the Russian labor unions from joining.
\item They vehemently opposed communists, yet they treat the fascists with peace.
\end{enum}
\subsection{Why is it called the Red International of Labor Unions?}
@ -116,19 +113,15 @@ Now there 47 countries' unions have joined, with 11,750,000 members.
In May 1925, the Asia-East side had these labor unions:
China: 450,000 members;
Java: 35,000 members;
Japan: 32,000 members;
Goryeo: 5,000 members;
Mongolia: 5,000 members;
Turkey: 20,000 members;
Annam: 000.
\begin{itemize}
\item China: 450,000 members;
\item Java: 35,000 members;
\item Japan: 32,000 members;
\item Goryeo: 5,000 members;
\item Mongolia: 5,000 members;
\item Turkey: 20,000 members;
\item Annam: 000.
\end{itemize}
\subsection{How does this red international relate to the revolution of Annam?}
@ -141,7 +134,7 @@ In China, Shanghai workers went on strike for more than three months, Hong Kong
If the Annamese workers knew how to organize, the Red International would wholeheartedly help in staging the revolution. But if you want people to help you, you have to help yourself first.
\subsection{YOUNG COMMUNIST INTERNATIONAL}
\section{Young Communist International}
\subsection{What is Young Communist International?}
@ -166,15 +159,13 @@ Before the Association let them in, they have to prove themselves, workers and s
The purpose of Young Communist International is:
1. World revolution;
2. Fostering talents to contribute to the Communist Party;
3. Exercising in economics and politics, communicating with the youths;
4. Propaganda, organize and train young workers, farmers, students and soldiers;
5. Opposing superstition and advocating for education.
\begin{enum}{1.}
\item World revolution;
\item Fostering talents to contribute to the Communist Party;
\item Exercising in economics and politics, communicating with the youths;
\item Propaganda, organize and train young workers, farmers, students and soldiers;
\item Opposing superstition and advocating for education.
\end{enum}
\subsection{How do they work?}
@ -201,7 +192,7 @@ Today, every country has communist youth organs.
But not Annam!
\subsection{WORKERS INTERNATIONAL RELIEF}
\section{Workers International Relief}
\subsection{What is the Workers International Relief?}
@ -222,7 +213,7 @@ The year Japan had an earthquake, China got flooded, this International also bro
In short, anywhere that is disaster stricken, this International will help.
\subsection{Where does the international relief get money?}
\subsection{Where does the international relief get \linebreakmoney?}
This international is not like a association that distributes and gives charities from capitalists. The purpose of this International is for "the workers and peasants in the world are brothers, when the brothers of one country are in trouble, the brothers of the other country must help", so where they are needed, the members do their best to gather contributions, where there are peace, members must contribute the fees. The membership fee depends on the class of people such as workers who make more money would give more, farmers with less money would give less. But everyone has to contribute.
@ -236,24 +227,24 @@ All the money sold is used to help the world.
Like Annam encountered disasters with the dyke system collapse recently, or during the great droughts and floods. If the International knew, it would help. However:
1. It is because our people have not yet known of them to cry out for help;
2. The French fear of the International making our people know how to be in solidarity among the proletariat of the world;
3. The French is afraid of revolutionary propaganda, so it tries with all their might to hide from our people that there is such an association in the world and prevents the International from reaching Annam.
\begin{enum}{1.}
\item It is because our people have not yet known of them to cry out for help;
\item The French fear of the International making our people know how to be in solidarity among the proletariat of the world;
\item The French is afraid of revolutionary propaganda, so it tries with all their might to hide from our people that there is such an association in the world and prevents the International from reaching Annam.
\end{enum}
Whatever the French hates, it is all beneficial to Annam.
As for the revolution, this International also helped a lot. It seems that when the Russian people were starving, thanks to this International, there was no resentment against the Revolutionary Government. Thanks to this International, Japanese workers can quickly restore their labor unions. German workers, thanks to this International, can continue to struggle, and so on. Because of this, the International will be of great benefit to Annam's revolution.
\subsection{INTERNATIONAL RED AID}
\section{International Red Aid}
\subsection{What is the International Red Aid?}
While the International relief helps people in accidents, and also helps political exiles. International Red Aid specializes in helping political exiles only.
Now it's the time to fight; The proletariat struggles with capital, the oppressed people struggles with imperialism. Capitalism and imperialism are on one side, the proletariat and the oppressed people on the other. Those two factions are like two armies fighting each other. The revolutionary army followed the flag of the Third International. The counter-revolutionary army followed the flag of the rich. In a fight, people being arrested, being injured, being killed are unavoidable. The International Red Aid is like a hospital to care for the wounded, to help those who were arrested, to take care of their elderly and weak parents, their wives and children of those who died in the battle for the revolution.
Now it's the time to fight; The proletariat struggles with capital, the oppressed people struggles with imperialism. Capitalism and imperialism are on one side, the proletariat and the oppressed people on the other. Those two factions are like two armies fighting each other. The revolutionary army followed the flag of the Third International. The counter\-/revolutionary army followed the flag of the rich. In a fight, people being arrested, being injured, being killed are unavoidable. The International Red Aid is like a hospital to care for the wounded, to help those who were arrested, to take care of their elderly and weak parents, their wives and children of those who died in the battle for the revolution.
\subsection{When was the International Red Aid established?}
@ -269,23 +260,23 @@ Seeing that, we can understand that this International is developing very quickl
When revolutionaries are either exiled out, or arrested, or imprisoned, or killed, the International helps in:
1. Politics;
2. Economy;
3. Material;
4. Morale.
a) Political help: If someone is arrested or imprisoned, the International will direct for the local party cells to start marches and protests in solidarity. Just like recently, two Italian revolutionaries were arrested in the US, about to be sentenced to death, not only did the American workers protested, but in any country that has US embassies, the workers opened the weekly congresses and declared: “If the Government kills those two, the American workers will go on strike, and the world's workers will boycott America.” When the US saw that, they did not dare to touch them.
b) Economical help: Whenever revolutionaries are imprisoned, they often eats and drinks under terrible conditions, while their wives and children are at home, with no one to take care of. The International send money to buy food in prison and help family members more or less to avoid poverty. In this way, the captives are relieved from suffering. Or International can pay to hire a lawyer to appeal against the sentence. Or send clothes and books.
c) Help morale wise: Either send people or send letters to visit.
1. Prisoners now know that although they sacrificed for the masses but the people did not forget them, then while in prison, they did not feel depressed and can recover further.
2. People know that although they have to be imprisoned in one place, the revolutionary work is still developing, and there are still people who do it for them.
\begin{enum}{1.}
\item Politics;
\item Economy;
\item Material;
\item Morale.
\end{enum}
\begin{enum}{a)}
\item Political help: If someone is arrested or imprisoned, the International will direct for the local party cells to start marches and protests in solidarity. Just like recently, two Italian revolutionaries were arrested in the US, about to be sentenced to death, not only did the American workers protested, but in any country that has US embassies, the workers opened the weekly congresses and declared: “If the Government kills those two, the American workers will go on strike, and the world's workers will boycott America.” When the US saw that, they did not dare to touch them.
\item Economical help: Whenever revolutionaries are imprisoned, they often eats and drinks under terrible conditions, while their wives and children are at home, with no one to take care of. The International send money to buy food in prison and help family members more or less to avoid poverty. In this way, the captives are relieved from suffering. Or International can pay to hire a lawyer to appeal against the sentence. Or send clothes and books.
\item Help morale wise: Either send people or send letters to visit.
\end{enum}
\begin{enum}{1.}
\item Prisoners now know that although they sacrificed for the masses but the people did not forget them, then while in prison, they did not feel depressed and can recover further.
\item People know that although they have to be imprisoned in one place, the revolutionary work is still developing, and there are still people who do it for them.
\end{enum}
\subsection{Should Annam revolution follow this International?}
@ -55,15 +55,13 @@ With both horizontal and vertical organizations, then according to which orders
Once you’re in the union:
1. The regionalism should be removed, that is, do not distinguish between this person being Midlands, the other being Southern, the other being Northern. And it should not be divided into the Annamites, the Chinese or the people of any country. Having the same profession, under a trade union all members are brothers, therefore all must see each other as one family.
2. Men and women must be equal.
3. Don't be a narcissist because of your abilities (1) you are smarter, your salary is higher, but that doesn’t mean you can despise people for being clumsy or earn less money than you.
4. Don't rely on your seniority to rule over others.
5. Don't let the capitalists join the unions.
\begin{enum}{1.}
\item The regionalism should be removed, that is, do not distinguish between this person being Midlands, the other being Southern, the other being Northern. And it should not be divided into the Annamites, the Chinese or the people of any country. Having the same profession, under a trade union all members are brothers, therefore all must see each other as one family.
\item Men and women must be equal.
\item Don't be a narcissist because of your abilities (1) you are smarter, your salary is higher, but that doesn’t mean you can despise people for being clumsy or earn less money than you.
\item Don't rely on your seniority to rule over others.
\item Don't let the capitalists join the unions.
\end{enum}
\subsection{How to organize for further consolidation?}
@ -81,19 +79,15 @@ The sub-group follows the orders of the branch, the branch follow the directions
The tree needs strong roots, likewise the union needs to have many new solid sub-groups. Each sub-group must:
1. Train and critique members;
2. To carry out the assigned tasks ofrom the union;
3. Discussing the union business;
4. Investigate the situation down in the factory floors;
5. Recommend to what the union should do;
6. Collecting membership fees;
7. Report their deeds to the branch, then let the branch report to the province, and so on.
\begin{enum}{1.}
\item Train and critique members;
\item To carry out the assigned tasks ofrom the union;
\item Discussing the union business;
\item Investigate the situation down in the factory floors;
\item Recommend to what the union should do;
\item Collecting membership fees;
\item Report their deeds to the branch, then let the branch report to the province, and so on.
\end{enum}
It is difficult for the branch to start operations and consider all opions. Small sub-groups, working close together, knowing each other well, so it is easier to review, train, work and opperate easier and faster. This is why sub-groups are so useful. Besides, if the government bans the trade union, but the sub-group is well organized, the union can keep making progress and keep working underground. That's why people call the sub-group the root of all unions.
@ -127,19 +121,15 @@ There are costs associated with operating unions, such as rent, pen and ink, etc
When the guild has excess money, it is advisable to do these things:
1. Setting up schools for workers;
2. Setting up schools for workers' children and grandchildren;
3. Set up public libraries;
4. Establishing a hospital for workers;
5. Set up communal sleeping houses, bathrooms, theaters;
6. Open cooperatives;
7. Organization of arms groups\footnote{Here it can be understood as a worker’s self-defense team.}, youth wings\footnote{An organization of teenagers and children}, and so on. Act according to the situation, do not let capitalism and imperialism pay attention. The union funds must be very transparent, for all members to know. Membership fees should not be too heavy; must follow the workers’ wage.
\begin{enum}{1.}
\item Setting up schools for workers;
\item Setting up schools for workers' children and grandchildren;
\item Set up public libraries;
\item Establishing a hospital for workers;
\item Set up communal sleeping houses, bathrooms, theaters;
\item Open cooperatives;
\item Organization of arms groups\footnote{Here it can be understood as a worker’s self-defense team.}, youth wings\footnote{An organization of teenagers and children}, and so on. Act according to the situation, do not let capitalism and imperialism pay attention. The union funds must be very transparent, for all members to know. Membership fees should not be too heavy; must follow the workers’ wage.
\end{enum}
\subsection{How to organize in secret?}
@ -150,7 +140,7 @@ When it's newly built or where there are few workers, strategies must be quickly
In general, the organization of the organizations must be unified, secretive, and strict, in order for the union to be stable.
\section{ORGANIZATION OF PEASANTS}
\section{Organization of peasants}
\subsection{Why organize peasants?}
@ -196,17 +186,14 @@ Not only that, our people planted the rice but could not eat it. In the tax seas
The hardships of An Nam peasants are:
1. The field is occupied by the French, not enough to plow.
2. The rice is taken by them as well, not enough to eat.
3. Do more, get less, heavy taxes.
4. More floods, more droughts, more broken dykes, and more crop failures.
5. Destitutions to the point of famines, the point of selling his wife and children, or enslaving themselves like the African people they transported to the New World.
6. Oppressive politics (What political rights do we have?), oppressive culture (How many literate peasants do we have? How many schools in the village?).
\begin{enum}{1.}
\item The field is occupied by the French, not enough to plow.
\item The rice is taken by them as well, not enough to eat.
\item Do more, get less, heavy taxes.
\item More floods, more droughts, more broken dykes, and more crop failures.
\item Destitutions to the point of famines, the point of selling his wife and children, or enslaving themselves like the African people they transported to the New World.
\item Oppressive politics (What political rights do we have?), oppressive culture (How many literate peasants do we have? How many schools in the village?).
\end{enum}
If the farmers of Annam want to escape that bitter cycle, they must organize themselves and find a way to liberate themselves.
@ -214,13 +201,12 @@ If the farmers of Annam want to escape that bitter cycle, they must organize the
The organization is roughly as follows:
1. Any man or woman, from smallholder farmers to hired ploughmen, 18 years of age or older, may enter. (Those who are great landowners, secret agents, religious leaders, drunkards, gamblers, and drug addicts\footnote{Addiction to opium} are not allowed to join the association.)
2. Those who enter must volunteer to keep the rules of the association, and must be introduced by former members.
3. A village that has 3 volunteers joining the association can organize a village branch. If 3 villages have an association, they will organize a general branch, 3 general meetings will organize a district association, 3 districts with an association will organize a provincial association, If 3 provinces have an association, they will organize a national association.
4. The way to open the association, organize the working ministries, elect, propose, settle and report is the same as the union.
\begin{enum}{1.}
\item Any man or woman, from smallholder farmers to hired ploughmen, 18 years of age or older, may enter. (Those who are great landowners, secret agents, religious leaders, drunkards, gamblers, and drug addicts\footnote{Addiction to opium} are not allowed to join the association.)
\item Those who enter must volunteer to keep the rules of the association, and must be introduced by former members.
\item A village that has 3 volunteers joining the association can organize a village branch. If 3 villages have an association, they will organize a general branch, 3 general meetings will organize a district association, 3 districts with an association will organize a provincial association, If 3 provinces have an association, they will organize a national association.
\item The way to open the association, organize the working ministries, elect, propose, settle and report is the same as the union.
\end{enum}
\subsection{Peasants' association should set a sub-group or not?}
@ -230,17 +216,14 @@ The member on one side directs the members to work, the other side executes orde
Members must:
1. Find new members;
2. Investigate the way of doing business and affairs in the village;
3. Initiating cooperatives;
4. Do your best to expand education, such as setting up schools, organizing libraries, etc.;
5. Advise farmers to ban alcohol, drugs and gambling;
6. Set up the relief guilds, and so on.
\begin{enum}{1.}
\item Find new members;
\item Investigate the way of doing business and affairs in the village;
\item Initiating cooperatives;
\item Do your best to expand education, such as setting up schools, organizing libraries, etc.;
\item Advise farmers to ban alcohol, drugs and gambling;
\item Set up the relief guilds, and so on.
\end{enum}
In short, learn to do things that are useful to the farmers, beneficial to the community (closest meaning is “the race”).
@ -248,9 +231,10 @@ In short, learn to do things that are useful to the farmers, beneficial to the c
This is discussing the day to day activities which perhaps can be in public. If it's time to keep a secret, then:
1. One must return to the sub-group method;
2. One must use other aliases, for instance call it the thatcher’s guild, the fishing guild, the communal rice guild, and so on as covers. In An Nam village, there are already many guilds like that. If you want to organize farmers, you should take advantage of those existing guilds according to the circumstances. It's good to make it so that outsiders don't notice your true activities.
\begin{enum}{1.}
\item One must return to the sub-group method;
\item One must use other aliases, for instance call it the thatcher’s guild, the fishing guild, the communal rice guild, and so on as covers. In An Nam village, there are already many guilds like that. If you want to organize farmers, you should take advantage of those existing guilds according to the circumstances. It's good to make it so that outsiders don't notice your true activities.
\end{enum}
When the association is stable and the members are large, it is advisable to form specialized departments\footnote{Made of experienced people.} such as:
@ -272,7 +256,7 @@ The French is able to oppress us because we do not love each other, because we a
\section{COOPERATIVE}
\section{Cooperative}
\subsection{History}
@ -302,33 +286,34 @@ For example 10 people want to eat rice, each person has a separate pot, cooks in
Cooperatives have 4 main forms:
1. Monetary cooperative\footnote{Credit cooperative as above};
2. Consumer cooperative;
3. Retailer cooperatives;
4. Producer cooperatives.
\begin{enum}{1.}
\item Monetary cooperative\footnote{Credit cooperative as above};
\item Consumer cooperative;
\item Retailer cooperatives;
\item Producer cooperatives.
\end{enum}
Before specifying what such cooperation is, we must know that:
a) The cooperative is different from the trader’s guild, the profits gained from the guild is for individual members, while the cooperative profits is for the common benefit.
b) Cooperatives are meant to help each other, but they are not like charities. Because those associations spend but don’t earn, and help anyone but have the intention of philanthropy, the cooperative spends and makes benefiting only its members equally. A true "revolutionary" way motive is where you can hepl while ready to receive help yourself\footnote{Mutual help}.
\begin{enum}{a)}
\item The cooperative is different from the trader’s guild, the profits gained from the guild is for individual members, while the cooperative profits is for the common benefit.
\item Cooperatives are meant to help each other, but they are not like charities. Because those associations spend but don’t earn, and help anyone but have the intention of philanthropy, the cooperative spends and makes benefiting only its members equally. A true "revolutionary" way motive is where you can hepl while ready to receive help yourself\footnote{Mutual help}.
\end{enum}
\subsection{Monetary Cooperative}
Or better known as the people's bank; From the peasants and the workers combined investment:
1. Any member who lacks capital for business (loaning for living costs is prohibited) can come and loan at a light interest rate;
2. If a member has a surplus, they can deposit at this cooperative to gain a profit. People are poor, so those who have enough to contribute is sparse, while loaners are numerous, so how can a cooperative bank be established? To do this, three things must be done:
a) Capital - If each person put in a dong, with 1,000 people gain 1,000 dong. That 1,000 capital, if efficently used might as well equal to 10,000 dong.
b) Circulation - If each person holds their share, that 1,000 will also be wittle away. If you give it out as loans, first month you give A a loan of 100 dong for 6 months; second month you loan to B 100 and so on, the more you move and circulate it, the more interests gained, the more people you help.
\begin{enum}{1.}
\item Any member who lacks capital for business (loaning for living costs is prohibited) can come and loan at a light interest rate;
\item If a member has a surplus, they can deposit at this cooperative to gain a profit. People are poor, so those who have enough to contribute is sparse, while loaners are numerous, so how can a cooperative bank be established? To do this, three things must be done:
\end{enum}
c) Credit - Making a name for the cooperative generate trusts\footnote{The more credit you create}, making transactions easier in the long run. So, even with the limited capital, it can be efficent.
\begin{enum}{a)}
\item Capital - If each person put in a dong, with 1,000 people gain 1,000 dong. That 1,000 capital, if efficently used might as well equal to 10,000 dong.
\item Circulation - If each person holds their share, that 1,000 will also be wittle away. If you give it out as loans, first month you give A a loan of 100 dong for 6 months; second month you loan to B 100 and so on, the more you move and circulate it, the more interests gained, the more people you help.
\item Credit - Making a name for the cooperative generate trusts\footnote{The more credit you create}, making transactions easier in the long run. So, even with the limited capital, it can be efficent.
\author{Ho Chi Minh, 19?? \linebreak Translated by VietAnon \linebreak Typeset by \LaTeX\,Anon}
\author{Ho Chi Minh, 1927\linebreak Translated by VietAnon \linebreak Typeset by \LaTeX\,Anon}
\date{\today}
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\begin{document}
\maketitle
\epigraph{Without revolutionary theory there can be no revolutionary movement…the role of vanguard fighter can be fulfilled only by a party that is guided by the most advanced theory.}{V.I. Lenin, \emph{What is to be done}.}
%UNION OF THE OPPRESSED PEOPLE
%SEAL OF THE MINISTRY OF PROPAGANDA
\centerline{Published by The Association of Oppressed Ethnic Groups in Asia.}
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\centerline{Footnotes from the source PDF use arabic numerals.}
\centerline{Footnotes added in the English translation use roman numerals.}
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