\item This pamphlet needed to be brief, easy to understand, easy to remember. Surely some people will criticize its literary value. Yes! Its purpose is to be as simple and to the point as possible, as sure as 2 times 2 is 4, no embellishments.
\end{enum}
For more than sixty years, we have been under the jackboot of French imperialism; more than twenty million dying compatriots are still at death’s door. You have to speak up loudly and act quickly to save the people, there’s no time to waste on refining every words!
For more than sixty years, we have been under the jackboot of French imperialism; more than twenty million dying compatriots are still at death’s door. You have to speak up loudly and act quickly to save the people, there’s no time to waste on refining every word!
Hopefully this pamphlet will be read by compatriots, for the people that read it to think, think then wake up, wake up then stand united to commit to a revolution.
@ -58,7 +58,7 @@ Revolution is breaking the old into the new, breaking the bad into the good. For
Mr. Stephenson (1800) was a revolutionary mechanic. In the old days there was only walking and horse-drawn carriage to travel on land; he revolutionized transport through the railways.
Mr. Darwin (1859) was a revolutionary biologist\footnote{Biology: The study of life.}. In the past, no one understood the biological principles\footnote{Evolution: Transformation of life.} in the change all life, he discovered why there was such a mechanism, evolution.
Mr. Darwin (1859) was a revolutionary biologist\footnote{Biology: The study of life.}. In the past, no one understood the biological principles\footnote{Evolution: Transformation of life.} in the change of all life, he discovered why there was such a mechanism, evolution.
Mr. Marx was a revolutionary economist. He had clearly studied and pointed out where capitalism, imperialism, class struggle, and so on comes from; what is their history, what is their phenomenon, and what will be its results.
@ -120,17 +120,17 @@ Our country is like that, so are other countries. Workers and peasants could not
Revolution is divided into two parts:
\begin{enum}{A.}
\item Just as Annam fight the French, India fight Britain, Goryeo\footnote{Now Korea} fight Japan, the Philippines fight America, and China chased away the imperialists to win the freedom and equality of their own people, those are all nationalist revolutions.
\item Just as Annam fights the French, India fights Britain, Goryeo\footnote{Now Korea} fights Japan, the Philippines fights America, and China chased away the imperialists to win the freedom and equality of their own people, those are all nationalist revolutions.
\item All peasants and workers in the world, of any country, any race, unite together in brotherhood, to destroy all capital in the world, making any country, any people can achieve happiness, making the world truly equal - that is the world revolution.
\end{enum}
Although the two revolutions are different, because the natioanlist revolution were not divided into classes, but all scholars, farmers, and merchants all agreed to oppose the imperial powers. In the world revolution, the proletariat will be the leading vanguard class. But those 2 Revolutions are still intrinsically related to each other. For example: if Annam is successful in the Revolution, then it weakens the French capitalists. And when the French capitalist is weakened, the French workers and peasants can easily become the Revolutionary class. And if the French Revolution workers and peasants succeed, the Annamite people will be free.
Therefore, the Annam Revolution and the French Revolution had to communicate with each other.
Therefore, the Annam Revolution and the French Revolution has to communicate with each other.
\subsection{Who are the revolutionaries?}
From oppression, revolution are born, so the more oppressed the person, the stronger the revolutionary will. Before capital was oppressed by feudalism, it was revolutionary. Now capital is oppressing the workers and peasants, so the workers and peasants are the masters of the revolution\footnote{That is, workers and farmers are the core force, the main vanguard of the revolution.}.
From oppression, revolutions are born, so the more oppressed the person, the stronger the revolutionary will. Before capital was oppressed by feudalism, it was revolutionary. Now capital is oppressing the workers and peasants, so the workers and peasants are the masters of the revolution\footnote{That is, workers and farmers are the core force, the main vanguard of the revolution.}.
\begin{enum}{1.}
\item Because workers and peasants were more severely oppressed,
@ -147,16 +147,16 @@ It is very difficult to change an old society which is thousands of years old an
Therefore, the revolution must first enlighten the people.
\item People suffer too much so riots are frequent, such as the An Nam people who resisted taxes, the poison plot of Ha Noi, and Cochinchinese destroying French outposts; because they had no ideology, no plan, failure is continuous.
\item People suffer too much so riots are frequent, such as the An Nam people who resisted taxes, the poison plot of Ha Noi, and Cochinchinese destroying French outposts; because they had no ideology, no plan, failure was continuous.
So a revolution had to explain theory and ideology\footnote{Meaning explaining revolutionary theory and Marxism-Leninism} to the people.
So a revolution has to explain theory and ideology\footnote{Meaning explaining revolutionary theory and Marxism-Leninism} to the people.
\item Because the people do not understand the situation in the world, do not know how to compare, lacking strategies, so they rebeled when they should not do it, or didn’t rebel when the time was right\footnote{That is, not knowing how to seize the revolutionary opportunity}.
Revolutionaries must understand the world's tides, and must present these strategies to the people.
\item The common people are divided\footnote{The common people are divided (due to the colonialists' plot to divide
And conquer)
and conquer)
} from one faction to another, like our people, the South is suspicious of the Midlands, and the Midlands despise the North, leading to our strength being weakened, like separated chopsticks.
Therefore, the revolutionary power must be concentrated, and in order to concentrate, there must be a revolutionary vanguard party.
In the 14th century, no one knew where the American continent was. In 1492, a merchant named Christophe Colombus went on a trade ship to India, but lost his way, but fortunately landed in the Americas. The people of that land are Indians, hunters and gatherers who do not know how to commerce and do business.
In the 14th century, no one knew where the American continent was. In 1492, a merchant named Christopher Colombus went on a trade ship to India, but lost his way, but fortunately landed in the Americas. The people of that land are Indians, hunters and gatherers who do not know how to commerce and do business.
Since Colombus discovered the Americas, people from European countries have flooded there to do business. The whites wanted to make the Indians slaves, but they wouldn’t bow down, so they killed all the Indians and then forced the blacks in Africa to work for them. Every country has Europeans coming to America, but the largest number is British (3,000,000 people). So Britain took America as a colony.
@ -16,11 +16,11 @@ The Americas are very rich with resources, copper, iron, coal, cotton, wheat, ca
\item Countries are not allowed to trade with America, only the British can trade.
\end{enum}
Because of these 3 policies, plus heavy taxes, making the American economy very miserable. Therefore in the 1770, the American people were agitated and a movement "boycotting" against Britain.
Because of these 3 policies, plus heavy taxes, making the American economy very miserable. Therefore in the 1770, the American people were agitated and a movement "boycotting" Britain was born.
\subsection{What was the result of that movement?}
The "boycott" movement lasted for up to 5 years. The British brought soldiers over, and arrested the leaders of the movement. Each time a leader is arrested, the further agitated the people. In 1775, when the British soldiers arrested more leaders, the people pulled together to resist, but the British soldiers killed 9 people at a result. This is the spark that ignited the powder keg, the people errupted in anger, live or die, they needed to expel the British Government.
The "boycott" movement lasted for up to 5 years. The British brought soldiers over, and arrested the leaders of the movement. Each time a leader was arrested, this further agitated the people. In 1775, when the British soldiers arrested more leaders, the people pulled together to resist, but the British soldiers killed 9 people at a result. This is the spark that ignited the powder keg, the people errupted in anger, live or die, they needed to expel the British Government.
A year later, on July 4, 1776, the revolution was achieved and the United States declared its independence, and it became a republic.
@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ Now America has 48 states and 110,000,000 inhabitants.
\subsection{What does the American revolution mean to the Annam revolution?}
1. The French policy towards Annam is now worse than the British towards America, because the French have plundered all our people's wealth and barred our people from doing anything and everything; they forces our people to smoke opium and drink alcohol. The British only wanted American money, France was greedy for money and wanted to lose destroy our people, for us to lose our Annamese likeness. Yet the people of Annam have not from the United States example to state a revolution!
1. The French policy towards Annam is now worse than the British towards America, because the French have plundered all our people's wealth and barred our people from doing anything and everything; they forces our people to smoke opium and drink alcohol. The British only wanted American money, France was greedy for money and wanted to destroy our people, for us to lose our Annamese likeness. Yet the people of Annam have not from the United States example to state a revolution!
2. In the American declaration of independence, there is a saying that: “We hold these Truths to be self-evident, that all Men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable Rights, that among these are Life, Liberty, and the Pursuit of Happiness—That to secure these Rights, Governments are instituted among Men, deriving their just Powers from the Consent of the Governed, that whenever any form of Government becomes destructive of these Ends, it is the Right of the People to alter or to abolish it, and to institute new Government”.
@ -44,7 +44,7 @@ If we must sacrifice for the revolution, we should do it until the end, that is,
\subsection{Why did France have a revolutionary movement? }
In the 18th century, the king was arrogant and decadent, the aristocrats and priests were rampant; Heavy taxes compunded the miserary to the people.
In the 18th century, the king was arrogant and decadent, the aristocrats and priests were rampant; Heavy taxes compunded the misery to the people.
Partly, Canada and India, formerly French colonies, were now taken by Britain.
@ -56,7 +56,7 @@ And especially because capital was hindered by the feudalists, while the people
\subsection{When did the French Revolution begin?}
When the king saw that the people were upset, he persecuted the propagandists and organizers. Witnessing this, the people were so angry that on July 14, 1789, they stormed Bastille. The king brought soldiers to guard the capital; The people organized revolutionary militias to fight back. In the end, the king retreated to the province of Versailles.
When the king saw that the people were upset, he persecuted the propagandists and organizers. Witnessing this, the people were so angry that on July 14, 1789, they stormed the Bastille. The king brought soldiers to guard the capital; The people organized revolutionary militias to fight back. In the end, the king retreated to the province of Versailles.
On October 5 of that year, the workers and women of Paris, went to Versailles to arrest the king for his crimes, and signed the declaration:
@ -134,7 +134,7 @@ The French Revolution taught us:
\item The workers and peasants are the root of the revolution, capital only support it at first, when it can no longer take advantage of the people, it is counter\-/revolutionary.
\item Revolution requires a very stable organization to succeed.
\item Women and children also took a large part of the revolution.
\item With a strong civilian population, any soldier or gun will not be able to supress.
\item With a strong civilian population, no soldier or gun will be able to supress it.
\item The French Revolution sacrificed many people without fear. If we want to stage a Revolution, we shouldn't be afraid to make sacrifices.
\end{enum}
@ -142,9 +142,9 @@ The French Revolution taught us:
\subsection{Where did the Russian Revolution come from?}
Russia is a very large country, half located in Asia, half in Europe. More than 90 percent of Russians were peasants, less than ten were workers. In the past, the system was serfdom, meaning that much of the land and peasants were under the power of landlords. Landlords treated serfs like animals, only lived as the lords allowed, and died if they forced it. When they needed money, they sold their serfs like cattles. Peasants were not allowed to leave from one region to another.
Russia is a very large country, half located in Asia, half in Europe. More than 90 percent of Russians were peasants, less than ten were workers. In the past, the system was serfdom, meaning that much of the land and peasants were under the power of landlords. Landlords treated serfs like animals, only lived as the lords allowed, and died if they forced it. When they needed money, they sold their serfs like cattle. Peasants were not allowed to leave from one region to another.
By the first half of the 19th century, capital was marginally prosperous, they had just opened factories and needed workers. Because of this they mobilized to abolish serfdom and let peasants work for them. Only until 1861, the regime finally abolished serfdom.
By the first half of the 19th century, capital was marginally prosperous, they had just opened factories and needed workers. Because of this they mobilized to abolish serfdom and let peasants work for them. Only in 1861, the regime finally abolished serfdom.
The new capitalist and the landlords from this have since generated a great deal of animosity, and from there the worker - peasant revolutionary movement also sprang up.
@ -152,7 +152,7 @@ The new capitalist and the landlords from this have since generated a great deal
After being liberated, some people went to the cities to work, others stayed behind to work in the fields.
Working in factories, they got get little pay, the hours were long, the people had to be slaves to capital. Staying in the fields, the farmlands were small, the cattles lacking, they had to endure explotation from the kulaks. Although the people were called free, they were actually slaves: the workers were miserable, and the peasants were not happier.
Working in factories, they got get little pay, the hours were long, the people had to be slaves to capital. Staying in the fields, the farmlands were small, the cattle lacking, they had to endure explotation from the kulaks. Although the people were called free, they were actually slaves: the workers were miserable, and the peasants were not happier.
Revolutionaries formed a party to unite the peasants, but did not pay attention to the workers.
@ -162,7 +162,7 @@ But those two parties, with little strength and members, were persecuted by the
\subsection{What were the results of those two parties?}
Assassinations were risky, and gained few results. Because killing one villain another would take their place, and you can’t kill them all? The revolution must unite the oppressed people to overthrow their oppressive class, not just by killing 5, 7 people, 2, 3 kings, 9, and 10 officilas alone. Although these two parties sacrificed many people and made many heroic assassinations, because they went on the wrong way of the revolution and did not have the people's power as a basis, so they were repressed by the Government until dissolution.
Assassinations were risky, and gained few results. Because killing one villain another would take their place, and you can’t kill them all? The revolution must unite the oppressed people to overthrow their oppressive class, not just by killing 5, 7 people, 2, 3 kings, 9, and 10 officials alone. Although these two parties sacrificed many people and made many heroic assassinations, because they went on the wrong way of the revolution and did not have the people's power as a basis, so they were repressed by the Government until dissolution.
In 1883, Mr. Plekhanov founded the party "Emancipation of Labour". This party organized according to the way Marx taught, that is, to unite both peasants and workers to do both economic and political revolution.
@ -187,7 +187,7 @@ In 1904 - 1905, Russia and Japan fought, taking advantage of the turmoil, the Pa
\begin{enum}{a)}
\item Before fighting the Japanese, the Tsar tricked the capitalists into printing money, luring them with a prosperous economy if they won, and capital would gain great benefits. After the defeat, the capital lost a lot of money but gained nothing, so they resented the king.
\item The workers who already hated the Tsar, with the defeat, they were more oppressed, further cementing the resentment.
\item The peasants had hated the king since the begining, then they were consripted to the army to die, and with the heavier taxes, and their habhorrance for the Tsar was made worse.
\item The peasants had hated the king since the begining, then they were consripted to the army to die, and with the heavier taxes, and their abhorrance for the Tsar was made worse.
\end{enum}
These three classes had different goals, but the hatred for the Tsar is the same. The Party knew that, then mobilized the revolution to oust the Tsar.
@ -196,23 +196,23 @@ These three classes had different goals, but the hatred for the Tsar is the same
Knowning that the workers were the most revolutionary, the Tsar set up a way to separate the capitalists, the peasants, and the workers. It instigated a religious leader to organize a trade union, both to distract the workers and arrest anyone who was enthusiastic for it.
On January 9, 1905, a religious (whose name was Gapon) marched the workers to the the Tsar’s pallace to petition. Because he forgotten to warn beforehand. The Tsar seeing the gathering crowd, fearful of riots, he then sent his soldiers to suppress, shooting and killing many people. Gapon fled abroad. The workers of other provinces heard the news, they went on strike and riot, and set up a workers' conference.
On January 9, 1905, a religious (whose name was Gapon) marched the workers to the the Tsar’s pallace to petition. But he forgot to warn beforehand. The Tsar seeing the gathering crowd, fearful of riots, sent his soldiers to suppress them, shooting and killing many people. Gapon fled abroad. The workers of other provinces heard the news, they went on strike and riot, and set up a workers' conference.
The revolution fought against the Tsar and the government from January to October. The Tsar used his soldiers to suppress the revolution, while on the other hand, pretended to establish a parliament for the people's representatives to discuss the country's affairs.
\subsection{Why did the 1905 revolution failed?}
\subsection{Why did the 1905 revolution fail?}
\begin{enum}{1.}
\item Because at first, the capitalists wanted to take advantage of workers to overthrow the Tsar; But when they saw that the workers were so enthusiastic, that they became afraid to see workers overthrown them and the Tsar, so the capitalists betrayed the workers and helped the Tsar.
\item Because workers and peasants did not agree with one another. When the workers emerged, the peasants did not immediately follow. The workers lost. Only by then the peasants emerged, giving the Tsar the chance to suppress both, one after the other.
\item The workers weren’t very experienced, and the organization wasn’t complete.
\item The soldiers have not been mobilized and the people's guns and weapons were too few.
\item The soldiers were not mobilized and the people's guns and weapons were too few.
\end{enum}
\subsection{The 1905 Revolution failed, were the workers and the Party discouraged?}
\subsection{When the 1905 Revolution failed, were the workers and the Party discouraged?}
No. Experiencing that failure, the Party researched and re-criticized, where did it go wrong, and why did it fail?
Knowing clearly the shortcomings to fix is half the battle. Just like forging a knife, only when cutting then you know where is sharp and where is blunt; then continue to sharpen the dull places, so that a new sharp knife is made.
Knowing clearly the shortcomings to fix is half the battle. Just like forging a knife, only when cutting do you know where it is sharp and where it is blunt; then continue to sharpen the dull places, so that a new sharp knife is made.
Thanks to the failed movements in 1905, the workers understood that: firstly, they had to be well organized, second, they had to contact the peasants, third, they had to mobilize soldiers, fourth, they couldn't believe in the moderates, and fifth, they knew capital and the tsar is the same league, if you want to expel the tsar, you must also expel the capital.
@ -231,9 +231,9 @@ The Revolution of 1917 had the following reasonings:
\subsection{How had the Trudoviks control the government?}
Using the pretence of the massive deaths of soldiers, the starving and miserable people, the unemployed workers, the government in disarray; The Trudoviks proclaimed that if people now was to drive the Tsar away, the land would go to the peasants, the factories would go to the workers, the people would get government power, and the war would end in peace.
Using the pretence of the massive deaths of soldiers, the starving and miserable people, the unemployed workers, the government in disarray; the Trudoviks proclaimed that if people now was to drive the Tsar away, the land would go to the peasants, the factories would go to the workers, the people would get government power, and the war would end in peace.
Unexpectedly, in February, when the Tsar was chased away, the Trudoviks and the capitalists took over the government, how many promises they had made were quickly forgotten. They kept taking soldiers to fight the war; the land remained in the hands of the landlords, the factories remained in the hands of the rich; Workers and peasants were also not allowed to participate in the Government.
Unexpectedly, in February, when the Tsar was chased away, the Trudoviks and the capitalists took over the government, how many promises they had made were quickly forgotten. They kept taking soldiers to fight the war; the land remained in the hands of the landlords, the factories remained in the hands of the rich; workers and peasants were also not allowed to participate in the Government.
\subsection{Why didn't the Communist Party take action?}
@ -241,7 +241,7 @@ When the revolution kicked out the king, the Communist Party was still the vangu
The revolution ended in February. From February to April, many people still thought that the new provisional government had not yet implemented the policiess that benefit the people, because there was no time for them to do so.
In April, Mr. Lenin and many comrades from abroad returned. From April to November, the new provisional government had further revealed its anti\-/revolutionary nature on a day by day basis. As for the communist party members, they went to propagate to the people, saying: "There, you see! The first revolution are the masters and servants of capitalism and imperialism, they are no better than the Tsar...", making Everyone resented the provisional government, while part of them were involved in the peasantry, workers, soldiers, and secret organizations to practice revolutionary communism.
In April, Mr. Lenin and many comrades from abroad returned. From April to November, the new provisional government had further revealed its anti\-/revolutionary nature on a day by day basis. As for the communist party members, they went to propagate to the people, saying: "There, you see! The first revolution are the masters and servants of capitalism and imperialism, they are no better than the Tsar...", making everyone resent the provisional government, while part of them were involved in the peasantry, workers, soldiers, and secret organizations to practice revolutionary communism.
\subsection{When did the communist revolution succeed?}
@ -42,7 +42,7 @@ The disagreement was due to the three opposing ideologies:
After the failure of the Paris Commune, many members were killed or arrested, so the association gradually disintegrated, until 1874 it was disbanded.
Although the First International has only stood for 10 years, the slogan "Working men of all countries, unite!" and the revolutionary spirit is still alive to this day. Although not able to do many things, but the merits of teaching the workers in the world of revolution was massive.
Although the First International only stood for 10 years, the slogan "Working men of all countries, unite!" and the revolutionary spirit is still alive to this day. Although not able to do many things, but the merits of teaching the workers in the world of revolution was massive.
\subsection{When was the Second International established?}
@ -102,7 +102,7 @@ The Declaration of the Third International clearly states that:
In 1920, the 2nd Congress was held, with 31 countries attending. The opportunistic leaders of the Second International saw that this association was strong and wanted to intervene to "jump on the bandwagon", so the Congress set out a very strict organization; Only anyone admitted under the 21 new rules can enter. (See the end of this section).
In 1921, the 3rd Congress. From the time of the Third International, the workers of different countries divided into two factions, the communist faction (the Third International) and the reformist faction (the Second International). Therefore, the combine strength of both decreases; Therefore, the Congress decided that when struggling with capital, the two factions must work together and not be divided.
In 1922, the 4th Congress. On the eve of the revolutionary movement cementing in many countries, capitalism was on the verge of death, they founded the Fascist Paries fiercely opposed to revolutions. The congress decides how to treat that party.
In 1922, the 4th Congress. On the eve of the revolutionary movement cementing in many countries, capitalism was on the verge of death, they founded the Fascist Party fiercely opposed to revolutions. The congress decides how to treat that party.
In 1924, the 5th Congress, up to 61 countries attended. Because many people mistakenly believe that capital will return to its prosperity like before the European war. The Congress clearly testified that prosperity was false prosperity; In fact, capital in the world is close to an end, and the revolutionary workers and peasants must be ready to take action.
@ -111,7 +111,7 @@ In 1924, the 5th Congress, up to 61 countries attended. Because many people mist
\begin{enum}{a)}
\item Every year or every few years, the congress is held once. The Congress has the power to judge all the affairs of the parties in the countries.
\item The Congress appoints a 24 - member Central Committe. This association represents the general assembly. Parties in all countries must follow the orders of the Central Committee.
\item There is the Youth Ministry, to see about youth mobilization; Women's ministry, to see the women's advocacy; The Asian - Eastern ministry, to see about the revolution of the colonies in Asia and the East. Propaganda, organization, relief, etc., all have their own ministries.
\item There is the Youth Ministry, to see about youth mobilization; women's ministry, to see the women's advocacy; the Asian - Eastern ministry, to see about the revolution of the colonies in Asia and the East. Propaganda, organization, relief, etc., all have their own ministries.
\item The Third International is a world Communist Party. The parties of all countries are like branches, all must follow the common plans and rules. All the parties cannot do without orders and plans from the Third International.
\end{enum}
@ -120,10 +120,10 @@ In 1924, the 5th Congress, up to 61 countries attended. Because many people mist
The First International is different from the Third International.
\begin{enum}{a)}
\item The First International was small, The Third International was big;
\item The First International was small, the Third International was big;
\item The First International only discussed theory, the Third International practiced;
\item The First International was not unified, the Third International commanded all communist parties in all countries to follow;
\item The First International only said: "Working men of all countries, unite!"; The Third International added, "Workers and oppressed peoples of all countries, unite!". The First International did not force its members to help the colonists in fightingf imperialism like the Third International.
\item The First International only said: "Working men of all countries, unite!"; the Third International added, "Workers and oppressed peoples of all countries, unite!". The First International did not force its members to help the colonists in fightingf imperialism like the Third International.
\end{enum}
That is because the circumstances of the two Internationals are different. For instance the First International said little on national oppression, because at that time imperialism was not very developed. As well as, the Third International, being born later, has more experience than the First International.
@ -132,7 +132,7 @@ When it comes to revolutionary ideology, making the world egalitarian, the two I
\subsection{What is the difference between the Second International and the Third International?}
The previous Second International was still revolutionary, but because lacking strict disciplines, the organization was not effective, allowing the reformists to interfere too much; later turning them to counter\-/revolutionary. These two Internationals differ in the following:
The previous Second International was still revolutionary, but because it lacked strict disciplines, the organization was not effective, allowing the reformists to interfere too much; later turning them to counter\-/revolutionary. These two Internationals differ in the following:
The Third International advocated the destruction of capital for a world revolution.
\subsection{Why was Communist Women's International founded?}
\subsection{Why was the Communist Women's International founded?}
Mr. Marx said: “Anybody who knows anything of history knows that great social changes are impossible without the feminine ferment. Social progress can be measured exactly by the social position of the “fair sex”.”
Mr. Marx said: \enquote{Anybody who knows anything of history knows that great social changes are impossible without the feminine ferment. Social progress can be measured exactly by the social position of the \enquote{fair sex}.}
Mr. Lenin said: “If we do not draw women into public activity, into the militia, into political life; if we do not tear women away from the deadening atmosphere of household and kitchen; then it is impossible to secure real freedom, it is impossible even to build democracy, let alone socialism.”\footnote{I can’t find any quote that follow the strict meaning so this is the closest, the original full sentence in Vietnamese is: “A true revolutionary vanguard party must draw household women into political activities, only in that way will the revolution succeed.”}
Mr. Lenin said: \enquote{If we do not draw women into public activity, into the militia, into political life; if we do not tear women away from the deadening atmosphere of household and kitchen; then it is impossible to secure real freedom, it is impossible even to build democracy, let alone socialism.}\rfootnote{I can’t find any quote that follow the strict meaning so this is the closest, the original full sentence in Vietnamese is: \enquote{A true revolutionary vanguard party must draw household women into political activities, only in that way will the revolution succeed.}}
Those words are not just fluffy puffed up words.
There has never been a time in the history of revolutions where women and girls did not participate. The French Revolutionary Army had people like the student Charlotte Corday pulling out a knife and killing the Jacobin that abused his power, like Louise Michel, who came out to help organize the Paris Commune. During the Russian Revolution, women volunteered to join the army; statistically, the women's revolutionary guard divisions had 1,854 casualties. Now, one of the reasons why the Russian revolution was so successful in such a rapid pace, standing so tall, was because the women giving their all in that effort. Therefore, in order for the world revolution to succeed, it is necessary to mobilize the working women from all over the world.
@ -15,11 +15,11 @@ Therefore the Communist Women's International was born.
In 1910, Mrs. Clara Zetkin (German communist) proposed in the Second International Congress that: Every year on March 8, we should make a commenmorative day called "International Women's Day". After that one date was changed to a week. The slogan for that week was: "Asking for women's suffrage".
In 1917, on February 23, women in the Russian capital surfaced "Bring us bread for our children!" and demanding "Bring back our husbands!" (because the husband had to go to war). This violence was the spark that fueled the Russian revolution.
In 1917, on February 23, women in the Russian capital shouted \enquote{Bring us bread for our children!} and demanding \enquote{Bring back our husbands!} (because the husband had to go to war). This violence was the spark that fueled the Russian revolution.
On March 8, 1920, the Third International sent Madame Zetkin to organize the Communist Women's International. The slogan is: "Working women must unite with the Third International for the world revolution".
On March 8, 1920, the Third International sent Madame Zetkin to organize the Communist Women's International. The slogan is: \enquote{Working women must unite with the Third International for the world revolution}.
In 1923, Russian women celebrated "March 8" and opened 66 childcare homes, 36 childcare centers, 18 foster homes, 22 hospitals and nursing homes, 15 maternity wards, and 15 communal kitchens for 10,000 people; 27 cooperatives employing 1,300 working women, 11 parks and homes for the sick.
In 1923, Russian women celebrated \enquote{March 8} and opened 66 childcare homes, 36 childcare centers, 18 foster homes, 22 hospitals and nursing homes, 15 maternity wards, and 15 communal kitchens for 10,000 people; 27 cooperatives employing 1,300 working women, 11 parks and homes for the sick.
\subsection{How is Communist Women's International organized?}
@ -27,14 +27,14 @@ The rules and program are roughly the same as the Third International. But this
Each communist party must have a section representing of women, directly under the command of the Communist Women's International. All women party members must follow the international’ directives, no matter how hard or dangerous the mission, they must do it. For example: Party member A is not a worker, but when the International told her to apply for a job in a factory in order to mobilize women there, she would have to quit her old job and go to work in that factory.
In short, the rules are very strict, the actions are united, and the work is also very difficult. Because most women in our country still have conservative ideas. However, because everyone is wholehearted in the mission, the work progresses quickly. Thanks to Communist Women's International, newly formed communist parties like the one in Java had the number of women party members increasing day by day.
In short, the rules are very strict, the actions are united, and the work is also very difficult. Most women in our country still have conservative ideas. However, because everyone is wholehearted in the mission, the work progresses quickly. Thanks to the Communist Women's International, newly formed communist parties like the one in Java had the number of women party members increasing day by day.
The An Nam revolution must also have the participation of women to succeed, and any Annam woman who wants revolution must follow the guidance of Communist Women's International.
The An Nam revolution must also have the participation of women to succeed, and any Annam woman who wants revolution must follow the guidance of the Communist Women's International.
\section{Red International of Labor Unions}
\subsection{What is the history of International Worker Labor Unions?}
\subsection{What is the history of the International Worker Labor Unions?}
First, we must know through the history of workers' movement, then we will talk about the history of the Red International of Labor Unions.
@ -46,18 +46,18 @@ a) Before the European War: There were about 16 million organized workers in Eur
\begin{enum}{1.}
\item British and American trade unions only care about improving workers’ lives, but no mentioning of overthrowing capital.
\item Anarchist unions of Latin countries, did not want to form political parties.
\item The reformist factions only advocated for trade unions support of the political parties, but it should merge with the political party.
\item The reformist factions only advocated for trade union support of the political parties, but it should merge with the political party.
\item Neutralism holds that workers are not the basis of revolutions.
\item Communists, with the policy of overthrowing capital and that workers is the revolutionary foundation, there must be a political party to lead the trade union to do the revolution.
\end{enum}
Because of their muddled purpose and inconsistent directions, the Secretariat had no force.
b) When Europe was at war: This association followed the Second International, mean all country's union supporting the capitalist of their country.
b) When Europe was at war: this association followed the Second International, mean all countries' unions supporting the capitalist of their country.
Not to mention, even with “international” in their name, the association only represented European and American workers, while Asian, African and Australian workers weren’t members.
c) After the European war: Partly, because of the workers suffering, and the success of the Russian revolutionary, labor unions grew bigger and bigger. For example:
c) After the European war: Partly, because of the workers suffering, and the success of the Russian revolution, labor unions grew bigger and bigger. For example:
From 1913 In 1919
@ -67,38 +67,38 @@ France grew from only 1,000,000 people to 2,500,000
All countries: from 15,000,000 people to 50,000,000 people
Associations in Asia - East also established trade unions at a rapid pace (In China, Japan, India, Java, Philippines, etc.).
Associations in Asia - East also established trade unions at a rapid pace (in China, Japan, India, Java, Philippines, etc.).
\subsection{What was the result of that movement?}
Capitalists of all countries saw that the workers were prosperous, this struck fear into them, and they sought to calm them down. In 1919, there was a congress in the US capital, to solve the problems of workers in the world. In that association there are representatives of Governments, capitalists, and national labor unions.
But it only had the Second International to represent the workers. The countries where prosperous workers have won the 8 hours workday (such as Britain and France), the Government delegate of those countries asked the other countries to also use 8 hours as a common practice (for fear that the capital of the other country would outcompete their capital). it as well.
But it only had the Second International to represent the workers. The countries where prosperous workers had won the 8 hours workday (such as Britain and France), the Government delegate of those countries asked the other countries to also use 8 hours as a common practice (for fear that the capital of the other country would outcompete their capital). it as well.
After capitalists had formed the League of Nations, they also established their own international labor union, called the International Labour Organization, with 12 representatives for governments, 6 representatives for capitalits, and 6 representatives for workers. They even boldy accept the strikebreakers and scabs to be the workers' representatives!
After capitalists had formed the League of Nations, they also established their own international labor union, called the International Labour Organization, with 12 representatives for governments, 6 representatives for capitalits, and 6 representatives for workers. They even boldly accept strikebreakers and scabs to be the workers' representatives!
\subsection{When the capitalists did this, what did workers in other countries act in response?}
\subsection{When the capitalists did this, how did workers in other countries act in response?}
Workers had 31 international unions.
29 of them were trade international unions, that is, any profession having its own international; One of the internationals is called the Amsterdam International or “yellow” International and the other opposing it is the Red International.
29 of them were trade international unions, that is, any profession having its own international; one of the internationals is called the Amsterdam International or “yellow” International and the other opposing it is the Red International.
The international trade unions has a long history, with about 20,000,000 members. Among those 29 internationals, the iron industry is the biggest (3,000,000 people); the second is the coal industry (2,500,000 people); third are factory workers (2,300,000 people), etc.
During the European war, those internationals were also dissolved, after the war they were reformed, but because of the opportunists were in power, their work was ineffectual. Like in 1921, 1,000,000 British coal miners went on strike, because the US, German and other coal miners did not help they were defeated. In 1922, 500,000 American coal miners went on strike, but also because no one was willing to help they also failed. In short, these “internationals” were in name only.
During the European war, those internationals were also dissolved, after the war they were reformed, but because of the opportunists in power, their work was ineffectual. Like in 1921, 1,000,000 British coal miners went on strike, because the US, German and other coal miners did not help they were defeated. In 1922, 500,000 American coal miners went on strike, but also because no one was willing to help they also failed. In short, these “internationals” were in name only.
\subsection{Why is the Amsterdam International called “yellow”?}
Because that International was established in Amsterdam (capital of Holland). In the new language, counter\-/revolution is called yellow color; and revolution is called red.
In 1919, the Union representatives of the Secretariat convened in Amsterdam to form this international. At the beginning, the membership was widespead, but after many unions joined "Red" International, now there are only 23 associations left, with 14,400,000 members.
In 1919, the Union representatives of the Secretariat convened in Amsterdam to form this international. At the beginning, the membership was widespead, but after many unions joined the "Red" International, now there are only 23 associations left, with 14,400,000 members.
This international followed reformists of the Second International to make peace with capital, and did many counter\-/revolutionary acts such as:
This international followed the reformists of the Second International to make peace with capital, and did many counter\-/revolutionary acts such as:
\begin{enum}{1.}
\item Approving the Treaty of Versailles of the imperialists, forcing Germany to pay 400,000,000 dong in reparations.
\item When Germany could not bear it, the US set up a plan (called the Dawes plan) to make Germany pay 132,000,000,000 dong. The plan made German workers and peasants into essentially slaves. Yet the Amsterdam International also agreed.
\item Barring the Russian labor unions from joining.
\item They vehemently opposed communists, yet they treat the fascists with peace.
\item They vehemently oppose communists, yet they treat the fascists with peace.
\end{enum}
\subsection{Why is it called the Red International of Labor Unions?}
@ -136,7 +136,7 @@ If the Annamese workers knew how to organize, the Red International would wholeh
\section{Young Communist International}
\subsection{What is Young Communist International?}
\subsection{What is the Young Communist International?}
Formerly all socialist parties had a youth wing. When these parties combined to form the Second International, they also organize an international youth society. During the European war, most of the Second International made peace with capital, and many young people also imitated this agreement.
@ -148,11 +148,11 @@ In 1921, there were young people from 43 countries following in.
In 1922 there were 60 countries, with 760,000 members.
In 1924 there were more than 1,000,000 (not counting the Russian youths).
In 1924 there were more than 1,000,000 (not counting the Russian youths).
\subsection{How is it organized?}
Roughly the same way as the Third International. Youths from different countries open congresses and appoint representatives; The representatives of the international have the right to command, and the youth of all countries must necessarily follow the plans and orders of that representative.
Roughly the same way as the Third International. Youths from different countries open congresses and appoint representatives; the representatives of the international have the right to command, and the youth of all countries must necessarily follow the plans and orders of that representative.
Anyone approximately 16 to 20 years old can join the Association.
Before the Association let them in, they have to prove themselves, workers and soldiers will take 6 months, students will take a year to work before they can join.
@ -179,7 +179,7 @@ In short, they did everything they could to get close to the people.
Those two organizations treat each other in a democratic way, meaning, whenever the party has something to discuss, there is a youth delegate to attend the meeting. When youth international have something discuss, the party has delegates to attend the meeting. In political directions, young people follow the party's leadership, but young people are independent for working praxis. If the party and the youth have disagreements, it is arbitrated by the two internationals.
Communist youth worked very hard and sacrificed evrything for the revolution.
Communist youth worked very hard and sacrificed everything for the revolution.
In 1921, the German Youth had only 27,000 people and the US had only 4 branches. But by 1922, Germany had 70,000 people and the US had 150 branches.
@ -192,11 +192,11 @@ Today, every country has communist youth organs.
But not Annam!
\section{Workers International Relief}
\section{Workers' International Relief}
\subsection{What is the Workers International Relief?}
\subsection{What is the Workers' International Relief?}
In 1921, Russia suffered a great drought, and many people starved to death. The imperialists took advantage of that opportunity. One side wanted to incite the Russians people to rebel, while the other side wanted to send in troops to crush Russia's revolution. To do so, they brought warships to blockade the Russian sea, preventing ships from carrying food to sell to the Russian people.
In 1921, Russia suffered a great drought, and many people starved to death. The imperialists took advantage of that opportunity. One side wanted to incite the Russian people to rebel, while the other side wanted to send in troops to crush Russia's revolution. To do so, they brought warships to blockade the Russian sea, preventing ships from carrying food to sell to the Russian people.
Kind-hearted people like Mr. Nansen (a very famous scientist in Norway, who flew across the North Pole), and labor unions organized relief societies to collect money, food, and clothes to send to the Russian people. But because the organization was scattered, so the strength was lacking.
@ -204,18 +204,18 @@ The Third International and the Red International of Labor Unions (newly organiz
Against this obstacle, the Workers International Relief was established. From the end of 1921 to 1922, this International raised more than 5,000,000 silver coins and 40,000,000 kilos of food for the Russian people.
\subsection{When Russia was not hungry any more, what did this international do?}
\subsection{When Russia was not hungry any more, what did this International do?}
When Russia was no longer hungry, this International continued to work forever more. Wherever there is a disaster in any country, this International would try its best to help. Like in 1923, Ireland lost its harvest, tens of thousands of people had no food, no clothes to wear. Thanks to the International help, they did not starve to death.
In 1924, German workers went on strike with more than 60,000 people. This international set up a communal kitchens for free, every day more than 25,000 workers came to eat. As well as establishing a hospital to help sick strikers; building foster homes for children of workers, set up caravans to bring German children to the labor unions of neightbor countries for education only returned them when the strike was near.
When Russia was no longer hungry, this International continued to work forever more. Wherever there is a disaster in any country, this International would try its best to help. Like in 1923, Ireland lost its harvest, tens of thousands of people had no food, no clothes to wear. Thanks to the International's help, they did not starve to death.
In 1924, German workers went on strike with more than 60,000 people. This International set up a communal kitchens for free, every day more than 25,000 workers came to eat. As well as establishing a hospital to help sick strikers; building foster homes for children of workers, set up caravans to bring German children to the labor unions of neightbor countries for education only returned them when the strike was near.
The year Japan had an earthquake, China got flooded, this International also brought food, clothing and building materials to help.
In short, anywhere that is disaster stricken, this International will help.
\subsection{Where does the international relief get \linebreak money?}
\subsection{Where does the International Relief get money?}
This international is not like a association that distributes and gives charities from capitalists. The purpose of this International is for "the workers and peasants in the world are brothers, when the brothers of one country are in trouble, the brothers of the other country must help", so where they are needed, the members do their best to gather contributions, where there are peace, members must contribute the fees. The membership fee depends on the class of people such as workers who make more money would give more, farmers with less money would give less. But everyone has to contribute.
This International is not like an association that distributes and gives charities from capitalists. The purpose of this International is for "the workers and peasants in the world are brothers, when the brothers of one country are in trouble, the brothers of the other country must help", so where they are needed, the members do their best to gather contributions, where there are peace, members must contribute the fees. The membership fee depends on the class of people such as workers who make more money would give more, farmers with less money would give less. But everyone has to contribute.
Because the International has branches across all 5 continents, and the membership are very large, especially in Russia, so just the membership fees alone is quite a lot.
@ -223,7 +223,7 @@ The international community brings that money to produce profits, such as openin
All the money sold is used to help the world.
\subsection{What is the use of this international for our revolution?}
\subsection{What is the use of this International for our revolution?}
Like Annam encountered disasters with the dyke system collapse recently, or during the great droughts and floods. If the International knew, it would help. However:
@ -242,9 +242,9 @@ As for the revolution, this International also helped a lot. It seems that when
\subsection{What is the International Red Aid?}
While the International relief helps people in accidents, and also helps political exiles. International Red Aid specializes in helping political exiles only.
While the International Relief helps people in accidents, and also helps political exiles. International Red Aid specializes in helping political exiles only.
Now it's the time to fight; The proletariat struggles with capital, the oppressed people struggles with imperialism. Capitalism and imperialism are on one side, the proletariat and the oppressed people on the other. Those two factions are like two armies fighting each other. The revolutionary army followed the flag of the Third International. The counter\-/revolutionary army followed the flag of the rich. In a fight, people being arrested, being injured, being killed are unavoidable. The International Red Aid is like a hospital to care for the wounded, to help those who were arrested, to take care of their elderly and weak parents, their wives and children of those who died in the battle for the revolution.
Now it's the time to fight; the proletariat struggles with capital, the oppressed people struggles with imperialism. Capitalism and imperialism are on one side, the proletariat and the oppressed people on the other. Those two factions are like two armies fighting each other. The revolutionary army followed the flag of the Third International. The counter\-/revolutionary army followed the flag of the rich. In a fight, people being arrested, being injured, being killed is unavoidable. The International Red Aid is like a hospital to care for the wounded, to help those who were arrested, to take care of their elderly and weak parents, their wives and children of those who died in the battle for the revolution.
\subsection{When was the International Red Aid established?}
@ -268,8 +268,8 @@ When revolutionaries are either exiled out, or arrested, or imprisoned, or kille
\end{enum}
\begin{enum}{a)}
\item Political help: If someone is arrested or imprisoned, the International will direct for the local party cells to start marches and protests in solidarity. Just like recently, two Italian revolutionaries were arrested in the US, about to be sentenced to death, not only did the American workers protested, but in any country that has US embassies, the workers opened the weekly congresses and declared: “If the Government kills those two, the American workers will go on strike, and the world's workers will boycott America.” When the US saw that, they did not dare to touch them.
\item Economical help: Whenever revolutionaries are imprisoned, they often eats and drinks under terrible conditions, while their wives and children are at home, with no one to take care of. The International send money to buy food in prison and help family members more or less to avoid poverty. In this way, the captives are relieved from suffering. Or International can pay to hire a lawyer to appeal against the sentence. Or send clothes and books.
\item Political help: If someone is arrested or imprisoned, the International will direct for the local party cells to start marches and protests in solidarity. Just like recently, two Italian revolutionaries were arrested in the US, about to be sentenced to death, not only did the American workers protest, but in any country that has US embassies, the workers opened the weekly congresses and declared: “If the Government kills those two, the American workers will go on strike, and the world's workers will boycott America.” When the US saw that, they did not dare to touch them.
\item Economical help: Whenever revolutionaries are imprisoned, they often eat and drink under terrible conditions, while their wives and children are at home, with no one to take care of. The International sends money to buy food in prison and help family members more or less to avoid poverty. In this way, the captives are relieved from suffering. Or the International can pay to hire a lawyer to appeal against the sentence. Or send clothes and books.
\item Help morale wise: Either send people or send letters to visit.
\end{enum}
@ -278,7 +278,7 @@ When revolutionaries are either exiled out, or arrested, or imprisoned, or kille
\item People know that although they have to be imprisoned in one place, the revolutionary work is still developing, and there are still people who do it for them.
\end{enum}
\subsection{Should Annam revolution follow this International?}
\subsection{Should the Annam revolution follow this International?}
Undoubtedly. The Annam revolution was also a part of the world revolution. Whoever does revolution in the world is a comrade of the people of Annam.
As comrades, we must go through thick and thin together. What's more, when the people of Annam are struggling with French imperialism, there will surely be many revolutionaries in the future who will have to sacrifice, suffer, and need help from our brothers in the world.
@ -14,17 +14,17 @@ Helping the people of nations and the world is to bring together workers for a r
\subsection{How to organize a labor union?}
There are two ways of organizing, the oganizing by trade and organizing by production.
There are two ways of organizing, the organizing by trade and organizing by production.
Trade organizing whoever does the same trade, then join that certain trade union. Like a tailor joins a tailor’s guild, a blacksmith joins a blacksmithing guild.
Organizing by production is no matter your profession. As long as you work at the same place, you will join the union of that production. Such as in railways, the coal burners, the car painters, the ticket dispensers, the roadkeepers, the train conductors; all enter a railway union.
The organization by production is stronger, because it is more unified. For example, when the railways wants to strike, if the union is the production organized, then all members have to strike, further threatening capitalists. If the association through trades, then sometimes the coal burners go on strike but not but the train conductors, or the the ticket dispensers go on strike but the station workers do not, then the effectiveness of a strike is weakened.
The organization by production is stronger, because it is more unified. For example, when the railways wants to strike, if the union is production organized, then all members have to strike, further threatening capitalists. If the association is through trades, then sometimes the coal burners go on strike but not but the train conductors, or the the ticket dispensers go on strike but the station workers do not, then the effectiveness of a strike is weakened.
\subsection{Can a worker join two labor unions?}
No. If the association is a trade union then only those of the same profession can enter; Those who have already joined the production union are not allowed to join the trade association. For example: The railway have been organized according to production, with all railway workers\footnote{Workers in the railway industry} have already joined that union. In the same land there was another union of carpenters, then carpenters in the railway union\footnote{The sentence is also understood as: The Hanoi Railway Association has entered the General Railway Union can also enter another General Union.} are not allowed to join.
No. If the association is a trade union then only those of the same profession can enter; those who have already joined the production union are not allowed to join the trade association. For example: the railway have been organized according to production, with all railway workers\footnote{Workers in the railway industry} having already joined that union. In the same land there was another union of carpenters, then carpenters in the railway union\footnote{The sentence is also understood as: The Hanoi Railway Association has entered the General Railway Union can also enter another General Union.} are not allowed to join.
In the same profession or production, it is not allowed to establish two different associations.
@ -45,7 +45,7 @@ Those who join both the party and the association, in politics, are led by the p
The system follows horizontal or vertical organization.
Horizontal is for instance each province where there are blacksmiths union, tailors union, carpenters union, masonry union, and so on, all of which are organized into the general union; With every trade union treated as equals.
Horizontal is for instance each province where there are blacksmiths union, tailors union, carpenters union, masonry union, and so on, all of which are organized into the general union; with every trade union treated as equals.
Vertical is for instance in each district, there is a tailor's association, then the unions of 4, 5 district organize together into a provincial tailor's union, and all tailor unions in several provinces organize into a nationwide tailor's association. It is vertical, that is, from bottom to top.
@ -60,7 +60,7 @@ Once you’re in the union:
\item Men and women must be equal.
\item Don't be a narcissist because of your abilities (1) you are smarter, your salary is higher, but that doesn’t mean you can despise people for being clumsy or earn less money than you.
\item Don't rely on your seniority to rule over others.
\item Don't let the capitalists join the unions.
\item Don't let capitalists join the unions.
\end{enum}
\subsection{How to organize for further consolidation?}
@ -83,33 +83,33 @@ The tree needs strong roots, likewise the union needs to have many new solid sub
\item Train and critique members;
\item To carry out the assigned tasks ofrom the union;
\item Discussing the union business;
\item Investigate the situation down in the factory floors;
\item Recommend to what the union should do;
\item Collecting membership fees;
\item Investigate the situation down on the factory floors;
\item Recommend what the union should do;
\item Collect membership fees;
\item Report their deeds to the branch, then let the branch report to the province, and so on.
\end{enum}
It is difficult for the branch to start operations and consider all opions. Small sub-groups, working close together, knowing each other well, so it is easier to review, train, work and opperate easier and faster. This is why sub-groups are so useful. Besides, if the government bans the trade union, but the sub-group is well organized, the union can keep making progress and keep working underground. That's why people call the sub-group the root of all unions.
It is difficult for the branch to start operations and consider all options. Small sub-groups, working close together, knowing each other well, so it is easier to review, train, work and operate easier and faster. This is why sub-groups are so useful. Besides, if the government bans the trade union, but the sub-group is well organized, the union can keep making progress and keep working underground. That's why people call the sub-group the root of all unions.
\subsection{What's the order in the union?}
Sub-group report to the branch.
Sub-groups report to their branch.
If there are many factories in the province, 4 or 5 cell branches organize a set of representative committee (4, 5 factories each elect 1 or 2 people).
If there are many factories in the province, 4 or 5 cell branches organize a set of representative committees (4, 5 factories each elect 1 or 2 people).
The branch report to the province.
The branches report to the province.
Provincial union report to the National union.
Provincial unions report to the National union.
That is the order of organization. As for the authority, for all members to attend the congress, meaning, all members are openly discuss the meeting. If there are too many members and it's not convenient to all attend a congress, a few people will elected as representatives to attend the the congress, they are the congress delegations. Whatever the congress decides on, the members of the association must execute. When the congress is over, the executive authority goes to the elected central committee.
That is the order of organization. As for the authority, for all members to attend the congress, meaning, all members openly discuss the meeting. If there are too many members and it's not convenient to all attend a congress, a few people will elected as representatives to attend the the congress, they are the congress delegations. Whatever the congress decides on, the members of the association must execute. When the congress is over, the executive authority goes to the elected central committee.
Delegates to the provincial congress open once a month. Delegates to the national congress, once a year.
Delegating roles should be given to the average workers, not those who are already in office\footnote{In office: Person with important position in the union. It should be understood here that it is not possible to elect people with positions in the feudal colonial government apparatus.} in the union. At the opening of the meeting, the delegates must report the status and opinions of the workers (that is not their own), propose and discuss union actions. After the union congress, they have to go back and report the congress results to the workers.
\subsection{If something issues arise, how to solve it?}
\subsection{If issues arise, how to solve them?}
From the sub-group to the congress, all following democratic centralism. That is, if there is any issues that arise, everyone can and must discuss it. When the discussion is over, a vote is held, whichever opinion has more followers is chosen. That is democracy. After casting lots for their candidate, the candidates are assigned to the members of a committee, then all members must follow the orders of committee. That is centralism. Those who do not obey, the members of the committee have the right to punish their insubordination.
From the sub-group to the congress, all follow democratic centralism. That is, if there is any issues that arise, everyone can and must discuss it. When the discussion is over, a vote is held, whichever opinion has more followers is chosen. That is democracy. After casting lots for their candidate, the candidates are assigned to the members of a committee, then all members must follow the orders of committee. That is centralism. For those who do not obey, the members of the committee have the right to punish their insubordination.
If there is an abrupt situation that cannot be voted in time, the committee shall have the right to handle it and then report it back to the rest of the organization.
@ -124,9 +124,9 @@ When the guild has excess money, it is advisable to do these things:
\begin{enum}{1.}
\item Setting up schools for workers;
\item Setting up schools for workers' children and grandchildren;
\item Set up public libraries;
\item Setting up public libraries;
\item Establishing a hospital for workers;
\item Set up communal sleeping houses, bathrooms, theaters;
\item Setting up communal sleeping houses, bathrooms, theaters;
\item Open cooperatives;
\item Organization of arms groups\footnote{Here it can be understood as a worker’s self-defense team.}, youth wings\footnote{An organization of teenagers and children}, and so on. Act according to the situation, do not let capitalism and imperialism pay attention. The union funds must be very transparent, for all members to know. Membership fees should not be too heavy; must follow the workers’ wage.
\end{enum}
@ -166,7 +166,7 @@ With this arrangement our people will have no more fields to plow!
\subsection{How do Western plantations occupy the fields?}
They use many methods of aquisitions. As in June 1922\footnote{This number in the original is blurred out.}, 20 Westerners joined together to ask the French Government for 3,000(2) samples each in the six provinces. All of them combine have 60,000 samples. In it, 19 western land owners will sell them all to the most wealthy of them all.
They use many methods of aquisitions. As in June 1922\footnote{This number in the original is blurred out.}, 20 Westerners joined together to ask the French Government for 3,000(2) samples each in the six provinces. All of them combined have 60,000 samples. In it, 19 western land owners will sell them all to the most wealthy of them all.
In August 1926, the Eastern - French bank asked for 30,000 samples, on which there were 6 Annam villages. When the bankers owned, he evict our villagers from their land.
@ -176,9 +176,9 @@ Part of the plantation is exploited by the French, the other occupied by the chu
\subsection{How does the French government treat\footnote{In policies.} the farmers of An Nam?}
Western capitalists and religious churches have occupied most of the land, and if peasants can keep any piece land, they will be taxed heavily by the French Government, increasing by the year. From every good sample of field every yearly harvest yield 25 dong, the French it take away 2.5 dong of tax, that is, 10 parts they took 1.
Western capitalists and religious churches have occupied most of the land, and if peasants can keep any piece of land, they will be taxed heavily by the French Government, increasing by the year. From every good sample of field every yearly harvest yields 25 dong, the French take away 2.5 dong of tax, that is, of 10 parts they took 1.
If you calculate all the money to rent for cattle, buy manure, hire a job, and pay for food and drink, each acre per year costs about 30 dong. All in all, the peasants lost 5 dong, but the colonial government still squeezed out\footnote{Forcing mandatory pay}to get 2 and a half dong.
If you calculate all the money to rent for cattle, buy manure, hire a job, and pay for food and drink, each acre per year costs about 30 dong. All in all, the peasants lost 5 dong, but the colonial government still squeezed out\footnote{Forcing mandatory pay} 2 and a half dong.
Not only that, our people planted the rice but could not eat it. In the tax season, it is sold to pay taxes. Knowing this, the colonials will buy it cheaply so that it can be transported to other countries and sold every year. The more they carry away, the worse the rice stock, the more people starved.
@ -210,7 +210,7 @@ The organization is roughly as follows:
\subsection{Peasants' association should set a sub-group or not?}
The peasantry in the village are not as crowded as the workers in the factories, so the village level associations replaces the sub-groups; The trustee in the committee can substitute for the leader.
The peasantry in the village are not as crowded as the workers in the factories, so the village level associations replaces the sub-groups; the trustee in the committee can substitute for the leader.
The member on one side directs the members to work, the other side executes orders from the superior. One party reports the congress to the members, the other party reports the member's work to the congress.
@ -236,9 +236,10 @@ This is discussing the day to day activities which perhaps can be in public. If
\item One must use other aliases, for instance call it the thatcher’s guild, the fishing guild, the communal rice guild, and so on as covers. In An Nam village, there are already many guilds like that. If you want to organize farmers, you should take advantage of those existing guilds according to the circumstances. It's good to make it so that outsiders don't notice your true activities.
\end{enum}
When the association is stable and the members are large, it is advisable to form specialized departments\footnote{Made of experienced people.} such as:
When the association is stable and the membership is large, it is advisable to form specialized departments\footnote{Made of experienced people.} such as:
Hired ploughmen department (to plow for hire, with no farms or cattle of their own);
@ -252,7 +253,7 @@ Youth department, women's department, education department, and so on.
\subsection{Even with the peasant associations, have the peasants recovered from the above mentioned hardships?}
Freedom and equality can only be gained through revolutions, the peasant association is a revolutionary foundation of our people. If the workers and the peasants can build solid organizations, then join forces for the revolution, they will be free from these hardships. Although not revolutionary right away, being organized is still beneficial. Like every year the French forces our people to smoke 150 thousand kilos of opium, taking 15 million dong in profit. And they made us buy 173,000,000 liters of liquor, taking 1 billion francs in profit. Not only that they made huge profits, they also poison our people. If the peasants organized and advised each other not to drink alcohol and not to smoke opium, they would have saved our people from destitutions, while preventing those billion francs and 15 millions of dongs to the French.
The French is able to oppress us because we do not love each other, because we are ignorant. When these associations are set up, first there is solidarity, then we can have opportunities to study. If we can begin the the cultural "revolution" and the economic "revolution", the political "revolution" is not far away.
The French are able to oppress us because we do not love each other, because we are ignorant. When these associations are set up, first there is solidarity, then we can have opportunities to study. If we can begin the cultural "revolution" and the economic "revolution", the political "revolution" is not far away.
@ -272,15 +273,15 @@ In Japan, there was a cooperative that had only 1,840 dong when it was first est
Although the way to do it is slightly different, the purpose is the same in every country. For that purpose, in the manifesto of the British cooperative had said: "The aim is to make the class proletariat brothers. Brothers work for each other, depend on each other. Stop competition. Let those who plant trees eat the fruits they made; whoever wants to eat the fruit, let them go in and plant the trees."
In the world of robber barrons and imperialist\footnote{Age of exploitations}, they spared no methods of exploitations, they take the people's money as tools to oppress the people, they have fatten themselves with the people’s labor, liken to "giving us a taste of our own medicine". Because of this Cooperatives are first beneficial to the people, then reduce the exploitation power of capitalists and imperialists.
In the world of robber barons and imperialist\footnote{Age of exploitations}, they spared no methods of exploitations, they took the people's money as tools to oppress the people, they fattened themselves with the people’s labor, likened to "giving us a taste of our own medicine". Because of this Cooperatives are first beneficial to the people, then reduce the exploitation power of capitalists and imperialists.
\subsection{Reasoning}
An Nam proverb has the following sentences: "United we stand, divided we fall" and "One tree doesn’t amount to much, many trees group together to form a high mountain". The philosophy of all cooperatives lies in these idioms.
An Nam proverb has the following sentences: "united we stand, divided we fall" and "one tree doesn’t amount to much, many trees group together to form a high mountain". The philosophy of all cooperatives lies in these idioms.
If we stand alone, our strength is small, and no work can be done. For example, if each person build a pillar and wall on their own, even a tent would not get built, let alone a house. Grouping those pillars, those walls, and that combined strength, they can together build a mansion for all to live. That is cooperation.
If we stand alone, our strength is small, and no work can be done. For example, if each person builds a pillar and a wall on their own, even a tent would not get built, let alone a house. Grouping those pillars, those walls, and that combined strength, they can together build a mansion for all to live. That is cooperation.
For example 10 people want to eat rice, each person has a separate pot, cooks in a separate kitchen, then eats separately; After eating, everyone cleans up their own, then it is a waste of firewood, water, effort and time. Cooperative is "putting all rice in the same pot" to save effort and resource, while being a community.
For example 10 people want to eat rice, each person has a separate pot, cooks in a separate kitchen, then eats separately; after eating, everyone cleans up their own, then it is a waste of firewood, water, effort and time. Cooperative is "putting all rice in the same pot" to save effort and resource, while being a community.
\subsection{How many kinds of cooperatives are there?}
@ -302,7 +303,7 @@ Before specifying what such cooperation is, we must know that:
\subsection{Monetary Cooperative}
Or better known as the people's bank; From the peasants and the workers combined investment:
Or better known as the people's bank; from the peasants and the workers combined investment:
\begin{enum}{1.}
\item Any member who lacks capital for business (loaning for living costs is prohibited) can come and loan at a light interest rate;
@ -317,15 +318,15 @@ Or better known as the people's bank; From the peasants and the workers combined
\subsection{Consumer cooperative}
Not every households can have enough tools for production, necessitating purchasing. Buying a lot\footnote{Bulk purchases} is cheaper with better quality. While on the other hand retail is expensive with only modess quality. But where do workers and peasants get the money to make wholesale purchase? Even if you can afford it, but a household can’t possibly consume it all. Continuing the suffering losses.
Not every households can have enough tools for production, necessitating purchasing. Buying a lot\footnote{Bulk purchases} is cheaper with better quality. While on the other hand retail is expensive with only modest quality. But where do workers and peasants get the money to make wholesale purchase? Even if you can afford it, but a household can’t possibly consume it all. Continuing the suffering losses.
If many households pool their money together, buy wholesale and share, it will be cheap, the product will be in a superior quality without wasting time.
Example: Each barrel of kerosene (cost 3 dong, get 50 liters) Traders would dillute it into 53 liters. Each household buy a liter and pay a dime, the oil spoiled, so it burn out fast. All in all traders can profit by:
Example: Each barrel of kerosene (cost 3 dong, get 50 liters). Traders would dillute it into 53 liters. Each household buy a liter and pay a dime\rfootnote{There are ten dimes to a dong}, the oil spoiled, so it burn out fast. All in all traders can profit by:
1 steel barrel 0đ20
23 liters of dilluted oil 2đ30
23 liters of diluted oil 2đ30
Summing up in 2đ50
@ -335,7 +336,7 @@ If those 53 houses pooled together to send one person to buy a barrel, it would
\subsection{Cooperative retailing}
Buy in bulk is cheaper, while wholesale is expensive. Likewise the more expensive the less you buy, the cheaper it is selling. That is common knowledge. But poor people don't have much to sell. Besides, when they sell their produce on the market no matter the price they has to be sold, else you need storage. Part is the risk of wasting valuable efforts, part is the risk of taxations, part is the risk of spoilage. The merchants can take advantage of this to buy at lower prices.
Buy in bulk is cheaper, while wholesale is expensive. Likewise the more expensive the less you buy, the cheaper it is selling. That is common knowledge. But poor people don't have much to sell. Besides, when they sell their produce on the market no matter the price they have to be sold, else you need storage. Part is the risk of wasting valuable efforts, part is the risk of taxations, part is the risk of spoilage. The merchants can take advantage of this to buy at lower prices.
For example: 53 houses with 53 baskets of rice, hiring 53 people to sell, must pay 53 times the tax; Merchants know this so they can bargain for lower prices by 53 cents (one cent per basket). In hot weather, 53 people have to drink 53 cents of water on delivery, and so on. Losing so much more money.
@ -343,17 +344,17 @@ Imagine those 53 households sell using cooperatives, how much profit can be made
\subsection{Production Cooperative}
This cooperation is to help each other in manufacturing. For example: Each peasant owns one cattle for their household, each must employ a cowherd, must build a corral\footnote{Cattle pen}, how messy is that? Not to mention the households without cattle for field work, they have to rent it from others. Each household has to buy their own plows, harrows, hoes, sickles, etc., so when they innevitably breaks while you can’t afford replacement you would have to make dues. Rather than this, we can just buy these together and pay according to personal usage, wouldn’t that be better?
This cooperation is to help each other in manufacturing. For example: Each peasant owns one cow for their household, each must employ a cowherd, must build a corral\footnote{Cattle pen}, how messy is that? Not to mention the households without cattle for field work, they have to rent it from others. Each household has to buy their own plows, harrows, hoes, sickles, etc., so when they innevitably breaks while you can’t afford replacement you would have to make do. Rather than this, we can just buy these together and pay according to personal usage, wouldn’t that be better?
The same for cotton farming; with no whipping board, no spinning equipment, the cotton must be sold cheap and raw. If you contribute to a cooperative and buy enough things to process it, the work can be reduced while gaining much more.
In short, cooperatives are very beneficial, so people frequently set them up in different countries. Tthe merchants are rich, from their exploitations of workers. Cooperative is protection against the excess of capitalist merchants.
In short, cooperatives are very beneficial, so people frequently set them up in different countries. The merchants are rich, from their exploitations of workers. Cooperative is protection against the excess of capitalist merchants.
\subsection{How merchants make their profits?}
The trader makes a profit because the producers and consumers, the buyers and the sellers are separated by distance, so they had to use the merchants as middlemen, giving them profits on both ends. For example: In the North is a country that grows tea, in the South is a tea drinker. But the North people do not bring tea to the South to sell, nor the people of the South go to the North to buy.
Some tea planetrs has to sell to A, the village tea supplier; who sell it back to B, the region tea supplier, taking a cut of profits. B sell it to city C in the province, taking another cut. C sell to D a Hanoi company, profiting three times. Company D sell to Company E Saigon, profiting four times. Company E sold again to wholesalers F in the provinces, making a profit five times. Trader F sells wholesale to the G city in another province, making a profit six times. G retails to H, makes a profit seven times. H retail for drinkers, profiting eight times.
Some tea planetrs has to sell to A, the village tea supplier; who sell it back to B, the region tea supplier, taking a cut of profits. B sell it to city C in the province, taking another cut. C sell to D a Hanoi company, profiting three times. Company D sell to Company E in Saigon, profiting four times. Company E sold again to wholesalers F in the provinces, making a profit five times. Trader F sells wholesale to the G city in another province, making a profit six times. G retails to H, makes a profit seven times. H retail for drinkers, profiting eight times.
So the tea maker loses, the tea drinker also loses. If there is a cooperative, we can avoid those things.
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